PART ONE: BASIC CONCEPTSChapter 1. Sound
Pitch
Naming Pitches
Notating Pitches
Intervals
Dynamics
Listening Example 1: Richard Strauss, Introduction to Also sprach Zarathustra
Summary
Critical Thinking
Terms to Review
Encore
Optional Listening Examples
Suggestion for Further Listening Chapter 2. Rhythm
Tempo
Meter
Accent
Listening Example 2. Scott Joplin: “Maple Leaf Rag”
Conducting Patterns
Summary
Critical Thinking
Terms to Review
Encore
Optional Listening Example
Suggestions for Further Listening
Suggestion for Viewing Chapter 3. Melody
Melodic Types
Scales
Major and Minor Scales
Chromatic Scale
Listening Example 3. Camille Saint-Saëns
Whole-Tone Scale
Listening Example 4. Claude Debussy: “Voiles” from Préludes, Book I
Pentatonic Scale
Summary
Critical Thinking
Terms to Review
Encore
Optional Listening Examples
Suggestions for Further Listening Chapter 4. Harmony
Chords
Tonality
Consonance and Dissonance
Texture
Summary
Critical Thinking
Terms to Review
Encore
Optional Listening Example
Suggestion for Viewing Chapter 5. Timbre
Vocal Timbres
Instruments of the Orchestra
String Instruments
Woodwinds
Brass Instruments
Percussion Instruments
Keyboard Instruments
Harpsichord
Piano
Pipe Organ
Electronic Instruments
Electronic Synthesizer
MIDI
Summary
Critical Thinking
Terms to Review
Encore
Optional Listening Example
Suggestions for Viewing Chapter 6. Attending Performances
Performance Procedures
Orchestral Performances
Orchestral Forms
The Printed Program
Band performances
Other Performances
Chamber Music
Choral Music
Dance
Music Theater
How to Write about Music
Different Kinds of Performances
Subjective Reactions
Summary
Critical Thinking
Terms to Review PART TWO. ANCIENT GREECE, THE MIDDLE AGES, THE RENAISSANCE
Chapter 7. The Music of Ancient Greece
Historical Perspective
Music in Greek Life
The Greeks' Lasting Influence
Music and Words
Stories and Myths
The Philosophy of Music
Scientific Theories of Music
Classicism versus Romanticism in Art
Summary
Critical Thinking
Terms to Review Chapter 8. Medieval Music
Historical Perspective
Artistic Style
Early Christian Music
Modes
Further Characteristics of Medieval Music
Gregorian Chant
Listening Example 5. Kyrie IV from “Cunctipotens Genitor”
Rise of Polyphony
Secular Music
Song
Listening Example 6. Anonymous: “Sumer is icumen in”
Instrumental Music
Renaissance Woman: Hildegard of Bingen (1098-1179)
Listening Example 7. Hildegard of Bingen: “Nunc aperuit nobis”
The New Art
Historical Perspective
Artistic Style
Music
The Mass
Summary
Critical Thinking
Terms to Review
Key Figures
Encore
Optional Listening Examples
Suggestions for Further Listening Chapter 9. The Renaissance: General Characteristics
Historical perspective
The Reformation
The Counter Reformation
Artistic Style
Architecture
Sculpture
Music
Timbre
Texture
Renaissance Modes
Summary
Critical Thinking
Terms to Review
Key Figures Chapter 10. Religious Music of the Renaissance
Renaissance Motet
Josquin des Prez (ca. 1445-1521)
Renaissance Mass
Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina (ca. 1524-1594)
Listening Example 8. Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina: “Agnus Dei I” from the Missa Papae Marcelli
Protestant Worship Music
Chorale
Psalm Tunes
Summary
Critical Thinking
Terms to Review
Key Figures
Encore
Optional Listening Examples
Suggestions for Further Listening Chapter 11. Secular Music in the Renaissance
Madrigal
Listening Example 9. Thomas Weelkes: “As Vesta Was from Latmos Hill Descending”
Instrumental Music
String Instruments
Listening Example 10. John Dowland: “Queen Elizabeth's Galliard”
Keyboard Instruments
Wind Instruments
Ensembles
Summary
Critical Thinking
Terms to Review
Key Figures
Encore PART THREE. THE BAROQUE, CLASSICAL, AND ROMANTIC PERIODS
Chapter 12. Toward the Baroque
Historical Perspective
Artistic Style
Music
Carlo Gesualdo (ca. 1560-1613)
Listening Example 11. Carlo Gesualdo: “Moro Lasso”
Venetian School
Giovanni Gabrieli (1557-1612)
Listening Example 12. Giovanni Gabrieli: Sonata Pian' e Forte
Florentine Camerata
Summary
Critical Thinking
Terms to Review
Key Figures
Encore Chapter 13. The Baroque: General Characteristics
Historical Perspective
Religion
Science and Philosophy
Artistic Style
Painting
Sculpture
Music
Contrasts
Texture
Rise of Tonality
Summary
Critical Thinking
Terms to Review
Key Figures
Encore Chapter 14. Dramatic Music of the Baroque
Claudio Monteverdi (1567-1643)
First and Second Practice
Early Opera
Recitative
Aria
Henry Purcell
Listening Example 13. Henry Purcell: “Thy hand, Belinda, darkness shades me” and “When I am laid in earth” from Dido and Aeneas
Late Baroque Opera
Bel Canto
Ballad Opera
George Frideric Handel (1685-1759)
Oratorio
Messiah
Listening Example 14. George Frideric Handel: “Jallelujah” Chorus from
Messiah
Johann Sebastian Bach (1685-1750)
Cantata
Listening Example 15. Johann Sebastian Bach: Cantata no 140, “Wachet auf” (“Sleepers Wake”), first movement
Summary
Critical Thinking
Terms to Review
Key Figures
Encore
Optional Listening Examples
Suggestions for Further Listening Chapter 15. Baroque Instrumental Music
Music for Keyboards
Fugue
Listening Example 16. Johann Sebastian Bach: Fugue in G Minor (“Little” Fugue)
Prelude
Tocatta
Suite
The Continuo
Chamber Music
Sonata
Orchestral Music
Antonio Vivaldi (1678-1741)
Listening Example 17. Antonio Vivaldi: “Spring” Concerto from The Four Seasons, first movement
Concerto Grosso
Listening Exanmple 18. Johann Sebastiabn Bach: Brandenburg Concerto no. 2 in F Major
Summary
Critical Thinking
Terms to Review
Key Figures
Encore
Optional Listening Examples
Suggestions for Further Listening Chapter 16. Toward Classicism
Historical Perspective
Visual Arts
Music
Listening Example 19. François Couperin: “Le tic-toc-choc" from Ordre 18
Expressive Style
Summary
Critical Thinking
Terms to Review
Key Figures
Encore
Suggestions for Further Listening Chapter 17. The Classical Period: General Characteristics
Historical Perspective
The Enlightenment
Artistic Style
Painting
Sculpture and Architecture
Literature
Music in Europe
General Characteristics
Viennese Style
Music in America
Singing School Movement
Art Music
Summary
Critical Thinking
Terms to Review
Key Figures
Encore
Optional Listening Examples Chapter 18. Formal Design in the Classical period
The Orchestra
Symphony
Sonata Allegro
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756-1791)
Listening Example 20. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart: Symphony no. 40 in G Minor, K. 550, first movement
Minuet and Trio
Listening Example 21. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart: Symphony
no. 40 in G Minor, K. 550, third movement
Solo Concerto
Rondo
Franz Joseph Haydn (1732-1809)
Listening Example 22. Franz Joseph Haydn: Trumpet Concerto in E-flat Major, third movement
Chamber Music
Theme and Variations
Listening Example 23. Franz Joseph Haydn: String Quartet in C Major (“Emperor”), op. 76, no. 3, second movement
Sonata
Summary
Critical Thinking
Terms to Review
Key Figures
Encore
Optional Listening Examples
Suggestions for Further Listening
Suggestion for Viewing Chapter 19. Vocal Music in the Classical Period
Opera
Comic Opera
Mozart's Operas
Listening Example 24. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart: The Marriage of Figaro, excerpt from Act I
Religious Music
Summary
Critical Thinking
Terms to Review
Key Figures
Encore
Optional Listening Examples
Suggestions for Further Listening Chapter 20. Toward Romanticism
Literature
Painting
Music
Ludwig van Beethoven (1770-1827)
The Symphonies
Listening Example 25. Ludwig van Beethoven: Symphony no. 5 in C Minor, first movement
Franz Schubert (1797-1828)
Schubert's Instrumental Music
Art Song
Listening Example 26. Franz Schubert: “Erlkönig” (“Erlking”)
Summary
Critical Thinking
Terms to Review
Key Figures
Encore
Optional Listening Examples
Suggestions for Further Listening
Suggestion for Viewing Chapter 21. The Romantic Style: Orchestral Music
Characteristics of Romanticism
Fascination with the Unknown
Love of Nature
Art for Art's Sake
History vs. Science
The Romantic Psyche
Artistic Style
Painting
Romantic Music—An Overview
Melodic Techniques
Harmony
Individualism
Nationalism and Internationalism
Orchestral Program Music
Concert Overture
Peter Ilich Tchaikovsky (1840-1893)
Program Symphony
Hector Berlioz (1803-1869)
Listening Example 27. Hector Berlioz: Symphonie fantastique, fifth movement, “Dream of a Witch's Sabbath”
Symphonic Poem
Franz Liszt (1811-1886)
Absolute Music
Solo Concerto
Felix Mendelssohn (1809-1847)
Fanny Mendelssohn Hensel (1805-1847)
Symphony
Johannes Brahms (1833-1897)
Music in Nineteenth-Century America
Bands
Orchestral Music
Summary
Critical Thinking
Terms to Review
Key Figures
Encore
Optional Listening Examples
Suggestions for Further Listening
Suggestion for Viewing Chapter 22. The Romantic Style: Piano anmd Vocal Music
Robert Schumann (1810-1856)
Clara Wieck Schumann (1819-1896)
Song in America
Stephen Foster (1826-1864)
Choral Music
Piano Music
Frederic Chopin (1810-1849)
Character Pieces
Listening Example 28. Frederic Chopin: Polonaise in A-flat Major, op. 53
Piano Music in America
Louis Moreau Gottschalk (1829-1869)
American Music Comes of Age
Amy Cheney Beach (1867-1944)
Edward MacDowell (1861-1908)
Summary
Critical Thinking
Terms to Review
Key Figures
Encore
Optional Listening Examples
Suggestions for Further Listening Chapter 23. Music Theater in the Nineteenth Century
Opera in France
Italian Romantic Opera
Listening Example 29. Giuseppe Verdi: “Celeste Aïda” (“Heavenly Aïda”) from Aïda
Verismo
Music Drama
Richard Wagner (1813-1883)
Listening Example 30. Richard Wagner: “Liebestod” (“Love-Death”) from Tristan und Isolde
Operetta
Gilbert and Sullivan
Listening Example 31. Arthur Sullivan: “I am the very model of a modern major-general” from The Pirates of Penzance
Music Theater in America
Summary
Critical Thinking
Terms to Review
Key Figures
Encore
Optional Listening Examples
Suggestions for Further Listening
Suggestion for Viewing PART FOUR: TWENTIETH-CENTURY CONCERT MUSIC
Chapter. 24. Toward a New Music
Richard Strauss (1864-1949)
Gustave Mahler (1860-1911)
Impressionism
Literature
Painting
Music
Claude Debussy (1862-1918)
Listening Example 32. “Kebjar Hudjan Mas” (gamelan music)
Listening Example 33. Claude Debussy: Prélude à “L'aprés-midi d'un faune (Prelude to the Afternoon of a Faun)
Other Impressionists
Primitivism
Painting
Music
Igor Stravinsky (1882-1971)
Listening Example 34. Igor Stravinsky: Excerpts from Part I of Le sacre du printemps
Expressionism
Painting
Literature
Music
Arnold Schoenberg (1874-1951)
Listening Example 35. Arnold Schoenberg: “Mondestrunken,” from Pierrot Lunaire
Summary
Critical Thinking
Terms to Review
Key Figures
Encore
Optional Listening Examples
Suggestions for Further Listening Chapter 25. Twentieth-Century Arts: General Characteristics
Visual Arts
Pablo Picasso (1881-1973)
Music: an Overview
Melody
Harmony
Rhythm and Meter
Timbre
Texture
Form
Summary
Critical Thinking
Terms to Review
Key Figure Chapter 26. The Revolutionaries
Twelve-Tone Technique
Total Serialism
Anton Webern (1883-1945)
Listening Example 36. Anton Webern: Five Pieces for Orchestra, op. 10
Alban Berg (1885-1935)
Experimentalism
Charles Ives (1874-1954)
Listening Example 37. Charles Ives: “At the River”
Henry Cowell (1897-1965)
Listening Example 38. Henry Cowell: “The Banshee”
Edgard Varèse (1883-1965)
Electronic Music
Milton Babbitt (b. 1916)
Listening Example 39. Milton Babbitt: Ensembles for Synthesizer (excerpt)
Indeterminate Music
John Cage (1912-1992)
Listening Example 40. John Cage: The Perilous Night
Pauline Oliveros (b. 1932)
European Revolutionaries
Pierre Boulez (b. 1925)
Karlhein Stockhausen (b. 1928)
Krzysztof Penderecki (b. 1933)
Summary
Critical Thinking
Terms to Review
Key Figures
Encore
Optional Listening Examples
Suggestions for Further Listening Chapter 27. The Evolutionaries
Les Six
Twentieth-Century Nationalism
Béla Bartók (1881-1945)
Aaron Copland (1900-1990)
Listening Example 42. Aaron Copland: Variations on “Simple Gifts” from Appalachian Spring Suite
George Gershwin (1898-1937)
William Grant Still (1895-1978)
Listening Example 43. William Grant Still: Afro-American Symphony, third movement
Neoclassicism
Sergei Prokofiev (1891-1953)
Listening Example 44. Sergei Prokofiev: Symphony no. 1 (Classical), first movement
Paul Hindemith (1895-1963)
Neoromanticism
Samuel Barber (1910-1981)
Listening Example 45. Samuel Barber: Adagio for Strings
Minimalism
Philip Glass (b. 1937)
Steve Reich
Summary
Critical Thinking
Terms to Review
Key Figures
Encore
Optional Listening Examples
Suggestions for Further Listening
Suggestions for Further Reading PART FIVE. MUSIC IN THE VERNACULAR
Chapter 28. American Popular Music
Folk Music
Ballads
Folk and Art Music
Folk and Popular Music
Ragtime
Scott Joplin (1868-1917)
Evolution of Rock 'n' Roll
British Invasion
From Rock 'n' Roll to Rock
Rap
Toward the Future
Evolution of Musicals
Golden Age of Broadway Musicals
Listening Example 46. LeonardBernstein: “Tonight” Ensemble from West Side Story
Search for New Directions
Summary
Critical Thinking
Terms to Review
Key Figures
Encore
Optional Listening Examples
Suggestion for Further Listening Chapter 29. Jazz
Blues
Listening Example 47. Bessie Smith: “Lost Your Head Blues”
Instrumental Jazz
New Orleans Jazz
Jazz Moves North
Concert Jazz
Listening Example 48. Charlie Parker: “Bloomdido”
Edward Kennedy “Duke” Ellington (1899-1974)
Recent Developments
Summary
Critical Thinking
Terms to Review
Key Figures
Encore
Optional Listening Examples
Suggestions for Further Listening PART SIX. CULTURAL CONNECTIONS: EIGHT MUSICAL ENCOUNTERS
Musical Encounter 1. Music of Africa
General Characteristics
Melody
Listening Example 49. Anonymous: “Amahamba” (pastoral song)
Texture
Rhythm
Musical Instruments
Listening Example 50. Anonymous: Yoruba Pressure Drums
Performance Practice
African Music Today
Critical Thinking Musical Encounter 2. Music of India
Melody
Raga
Rhythm
Tala
Tempo
Form
Musical Instruments
Performance Practice
Listening Example 51. Ravi Shankar: Dadra (sitar improvisation)
Listening Example 52. Anonymous: “Pahan Chunariya” (“Flickering Lamps”) (Hindi song)
Cultural Interactions
Critical Thinking Musical Encounter 3. Music of Islam
Search for Ecstasy
Pan-Islamic Scales
Rhythm
Texture
Listening Example 53. Anonymous: Islamic Call to Prayer
Musical Instruments
Iranian Classical Music
Listening Example 54. Anonymous: “Mahur” (santur piece)
Turkish Music
Critical Thinking Musical Encounter 4. Music of China
An International Language?
Significance of Music
Pitches and Scales
Musical Instruments
Listening Example 55. Lui Tsun-Yuen: “The Running Brook” (piece for pipa)
Vocal Music
Opera
Folk Music
Listening Example 56. Lui Man-Sing: “The Choice of a Lover” (Chinese folk song)
Music in Modern China
Critical Thinking Musical Encounter 5. Music of Japan
General Characteristics
Scales and Pitches
Rhythm
Form
Musical Instruments
Folk Music
Listening Example 57. Anonymous: “Sakura” (“Cherry Blossoms”)
Music for the Theater
Kabuki
Listening Example 58. Anonymous: Nagauta
Critical Thinking Musical Encounter 6. Native American Music
General Characteristics
Song
Melody
Form
Texture
Dance Songs
Listening Example 59. Anonymous: “Crazy Dog Song” (Native American dance song)
Sound Instruments
Listening Example 60. Anonymous: Flute Call
Recent Native American Music
Concert Music
Critical Thinking Musical Encounter 7. Music of Latin America
African Influences
Religious Music
Cuban Social Music
Listening Example 61. Juan Mesa: “Amalia” (rumba)
Mexican Folk Music
Listening Example 62. Anonymous: Harabe Tapatio (“Mexican Hat Dance”) Musical Encounter 8. The New Internationalism
Codetta
Appendix: Chronology of Western Events
Glossary
Index
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2003 McGraw-Hill Higher Education