Chapter Summary

The frivolous, aristocratic art of the Rococo was replaced by the more serious Classical style in the later eighteenth century, as artists reflected enlightened, democratic, and revolutionary views. The city of Vienna became a center of musical activity and a source of inspiration of Haydn, Mozart, and the young Beethoven, whose style is sometimes referred to as "Viennese." The public audience for music increased, and women became more involved in music performance. The American singing school masters composed religious and secular songs in a rugged, independent style, and cultivated Americans became more aware and appreciative of serious European music.