John W. Santrock,
University of Texas, Dallas
| anabolic steroids | Drugs derived from the male sex hormone, testosterone. They promote muscle growth and lean body mass.
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| anorexia nervosa | An eating disorder that involves the relentless pursuit of thinness through starvation.
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| bulimia nervosa | In this eating disorder, the individual consistently follows a binge-and-purge eating pattern.
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| conduct disorder | The psychiatric diagnostic category for the occurrence of multiple delinquent activities over a 6-month period. These behaviors include truancy, running away, fire setting, and cruelty to animals, breaking and entering, and excessive fighting.
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| depressants | Drugs that slow the central nervous system, bodily functions, and behavior.
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| developmental psychopathology | Focuses on describing and exploring the developmental pathways of problems and disorders.
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| externalizing problems | Occur when individuals turn problems outward. Such as juvenile delinquency.
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| hallucinogens | Drugs that alter an individual's perceptual experiences and produce hallucinations-also called psychedelic or mind-altering drugs.
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| index offenses | Whether they are committed by juveniles or adults, these are criminal acts, such as robbery, rape, and homicide.
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| internalizing problems | Occur when individuals turn problems inward. Anxiety and depression.
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| juvenile delinquency | A broad range of child and adolescent behaviors, including socially unacceptable behavior, status offenses, and criminal acts.
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| major depressive disorder | The diagnosis when an individual experiences a major depressive episode and depressed characteristics, such as lethargy and depression, for two weeks or longer and daily functioning becomes impaired.
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| physical dependence | The physical need for a drug that is accompanied by unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the drug is discontinued.
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| psychological dependence | The strong desire and craving to repeat the use of a drug for various emotional reasons, such as a feeling of well-being and reduction of distress.
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| status offenses | Performed by youths under a specified age, these are juvenile offenses that are not as serious as index offenses. These offenses may include such acts as drinking under age, truancy, and sexual promiscuity.
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| stimulants | Drugs that increase the activity of the central nervous system.
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| tolerance | A greater amount of a drug is needed to produce the same effect.
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2003 McGraw-Hill Higher Education