John W. Santrock,
University of Texas, Dallas
| active (niche-picking) genotype-environment correlations | Occur when adolescents seek out environments they find compatible and stimulating.
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| adoption study | A study in which investigators seek to discover whether, in behavior and psychological characteristics, adopted children and adolescents are more like their adoptive parents, who provided a home environment, or their biological parents, who contributed their heredity. Another form of adoption study is to compare adoptive and biological siblings.
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| androgen | The main class of male sex hormones.
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| basal metabolism rate (BMR) | is the minimum amount of energy an individual uses in a resting state.
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| behavior genetics | The study of the degree and nature of behavior’s hereditary basis.
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| estrogen | The main class of female sex hormones.
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| evocative genotype-environment correlations | Occur when the adolescent’s genotype elicits certain types of physical and social environments.
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| genotype | A person’s genetic heritage; the actual genetic material.
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| hormones | Powerful chemical substances secreted by the endocrine glands and carried through the body by the bloodstream.
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| menarche | A girl’s first menstruation.
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| neurons | Are the nervous system’s basic units.
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| nonshared environmental influences | The adolescent’s own unique experiences, both within a family and outside the family that are not shared by another sibling.
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| passive genotype-environment correlations | Occur when parents who are genetically related to the child provide a rearing environment for the child.
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| phenotype | The way an individual’s genotype is expressed in observed and measurable characteristics.
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| puberty | A period of rapid physical maturation involving hormonal and bodily changes that occur primarily in early adolescence.
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| shared environmental influences | Adolescent’s common environmental experiences that are shared with their sibling, such as their parents’ personalities and intellectual orientation, the family’s social class, and the neighborhood in which they live.
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| spermarche | A boy’s first ejaculation of semen.
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| twin study | A study in which the behavioral similarity of identical twins is compared with the behavioral similarity of fraternal twins.
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2003 McGraw-Hill Higher Education