| behavior | Everything we do that can be directly observed. p. 6
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| behavioral approach | Emphasizes the scientific study of behavior and asserts that behavior is shaped by the environment. p. 9
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| behavioral neuroscience approach | Views understanding the brain and nervous system as central to understanding behavior, thought, and emotion. p. 12
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| cognitive approach | Focuses on the mental processes involved in knowing: how we direct our attention, perceive, remember, think, and solve problems. p. 12
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| critical thinking | The process of thinking reflectively and productively, as well as evaluating evidence. p. 364
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| evolutionary psychology approach | Emphasizes the importance of functional purpose and adaptation in explaining why behaviors are formed, are modified, and survive. p. 13
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| functionalism | An early school of psychology that emphasized the interaction between the mind and the outside environment. p. 8
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| humanistic movement | An emphasis on a person's capacity for personal growth, freedom to choose a destiny, and positive qualities. p. 17
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| mental processes | The thoughts, feelings, and motives that each of us experiences privately but that cannot be observed directly. p. 6
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| natural selection | The principle that the organisms that are best adapted to their environment are the most likely to survive, reproduce, and pass on their genes to their offspring. p. 7
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| positive psychology movement | A strong emphasis on the experiences that people value subjectively (such as happiness), positive individual. p. 16
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| psychodynamic approach | Emphasizes the unconscious aspects of the mind, conflict between biological instincts and society's demands, and early family experiences. p. 11
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| psychology | The scientific study of behavior and mental processes. p. 5
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| science | In psychology, the use of systematic methods to observe, describe, predict, and explain behavior. p. 6
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| social cognitive theory | States that behavior, environment, and person/cognitive factors are important in understanding personality. p. 487
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| sociocultural approach | Emphasizes social and cultural influences on behavior. p. 15
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| structuralism | An early school of psychology that attempted to discover basic elements (structures) of the human mind. p. 8
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