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Multiple Choice Quiz
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1

When observers classify events according to mutually exclusive categories, interobserver reliability is usually assessed using a
A)Spearman correlation coefficient.
B)percentage agreement measure.
C)Pearson correlation coefficient.
D)percent reliability measure.
2

Which of the following is not a characteristic of the naturalistic observation method?
A)observation in a natural setting
B)systematic observation of behavior
C)major goal being description of behavior
D)manipulation of events by an experimenter
3

The influence that an observer has on the behavior under observation is called
A)reactivity.
B)observer bias.
C)demand characteristics.
D)expectancy effect.
4

Which of the following characteristics of observers would most likely be associated with high interobserver reliability?
A)observers are unclear about what is to be observed
B)observers are well trained
C)observers are tired or bored
D)observers differ in outcome expectancy
5

The person who assists the experimenter by carrying out a role essential to implementing an experimental treatment is called a(n)
A)accomplice.
B)helper.
C)confederate.
D)experimenter.
6

An investigator who provides a written description of the situation surrounding a child's temper tantrum, as well as characteristics of the event itself, is implementing the technique of a
A)narrative record.
B)field experiment.
C)participant observation.
D)checklist.
7

Which of the following procedures would be an example of using coding in the process of data reduction?
A)obtaining an arithmetic mean for a time measure
B)finding proportions of respondents in various groups
C)classifying observational records using specific criteria
D)measuring interobserver reliability
8

When people know they are participants in a research study they often try to figure out what the researcher expects them to do. The cues participants use to help guide their behavior in a research situation are called
A)unobtrusive effects.
B)reactive cues.
C)experimenter effects.
D)demand characteristics.
9

Researchers who conduct observational studies typically use a combination of time sampling and situation sampling to achieve
A)nominal scales of measurement.
B)representative samples of behavior.
C)maximum interobserver reliability.
D)internally valid samples of behavior.
10

Which of the following observational methods represents a middle ground between passive nonintervention and the systematic control and manipulation of variables in laboratory methods?
A)naturalistic observation
B)participant observation
C)structured observation
D)a field experiment
11

Which of the following scales of measurement is a researcher using when he or she measures whether or not an individual makes eye contact with another person?
A)ratio scale
B)interval scale
C)ordinal scale
D)nominal scale
12

Researchers who use narrative records seek to provide a verbal summary of observations and to develop a theory that explains behavior in the narrative records. This approach to data analysis represents
A)qualitative data analysis with comprehensive recording of behavior.
B)qualitative data analysis with selective recording of behavior.
C)quantitative data analysis with comprehensive recording of behavior.
D)quantitative data analysis with selective recording of behavior.





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