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1 | |
Formal operational thought differs significantly from concrete operational thought in that formal operational thought is: |
| | A) | more concrete. |
| | B) | more sensory oriented. |
| | C) | more abstract. |
| | D) | less abstract. |
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2 | |
An individual in the formal operational thought stage of cognitive development is MOST likely to engage in which of the following activities? |
| | A) | using building blocks to determine how houses are constructed |
| | B) | writing a story about a clown who wants to leave the circus |
| | C) | drawing pictures of a family using stick figures |
| | D) | writing an essay about patriotism |
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3 | |
When playing the modified "20 Questions" game in which she is supposed to determine which picture of 42 the experimenter has in mind, Elnora asks questions in a systematic way, such as "Is it in the top half of the display?" Elnora is exhibiting: |
| | A) | hypothetical-deductive reasoning. |
| | B) | hypothetical-inductive reasoning. |
| | C) | concrete operational thought. |
| | D) | preoperational thought. |
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4 | |
Jean Piaget's ideas on formal operational thought are being challenged in all of the following ways, EXCEPT: |
| | A) | Not all adolescents are formal operational thinkers. |
| | B) | Not all adults in every culture are formal operational thinkers. |
| | C) | There is more individual variation in the development of formal operations than Piaget thought. |
| | D) | Only those with scientific training use hypothetical-deductive reasoning. |
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5 | |
Sydney calls her best friend Aisha in a panic. She has a date with Jason, someone she has wanted to date for months, but now she has a blemish on her forehead, which she knows Jason (and everyone else) will notice. This is an example of the: |
| | A) | imaginary audience. |
| | B) | false-belief syndrome. |
| | C) | personal fable. |
| | D) | personal absorption syndrome |
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6 | |
Jennifer, who is having unprotected sex with her boyfriend, comments to her best friend, "Did you hear about Barbara? You know how she fools around so much. I heard she's pregnant. That would never happen to me!" This is an example of the: |
| | A) | imaginary audience. |
| | B) | false-belief syndrome. |
| | C) | personal fable. |
| | D) | adolescent denial syndrome. |
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7 | |
All of the following are suggested by developmentalists to explain the emergence of adolescent egocentrism, EXCEPT: |
| | A) | reversion back to childhood caused by fear of increased responsibilities. |
| | B) | development of formal operational thought. |
| | C) | increased ability to think hypothetically. |
| | D) | the emerging ability to step outside oneself. |
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8 | |
Zachary's memory has increased considerably from the time he was five years old until the time he turned sixteen. This is likely for all of the following reasons, EXCEPT: |
| | A) | he has more storage space in his short-term memory. |
| | B) | he is more likely to use concrete strategies. |
| | C) | he processes information more quickly. |
| | D) | he processes information more efficiently. |
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9 | |
Jennifer begged her parents to let her get a "nose job" as her high school graduation gift next month. Which comment is LEAST likely to be made by her friends? |
| | A) | "Have you considered the risks involved in surgery?" |
| | B) | "Don't you think you should see another plastic surgeon, just to get a second opinion?" |
| | C) | "Wow! Are you going to have it look like a little sky lift?" |
| | D) | "What if you meet some guy you really care about who's turned off by cosmetic surgery?" |
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10 | |
Max's parents want to improve his decision making about real-world choices, such as sex, drugs, and risky driving. They would be wise to encourage all of the following, EXCEPT: |
| | A) | lecturing him on the dangers of sex, drugs, and risky driving. |
| | B) | be sure his high school provides opportunities to engage in role playing related to sex, drugs, and risky driving. |
| | C) | be sure his high school provides opportunities to engage in group problem solving related to sex, drugs, and risky driving. |
| | D) | involve him in family decision making in a way that he perceives himself to be in control of what happens to him. |
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11 | |
All of the following are cognitive changes that allow improved critical thinking in adolescence, EXCEPT: |
| | A) | decreased speed of processing, which allows for greater reflection. |
| | B) | more breadth of content knowledge in a variety of domains. |
| | C) | increased ability to construct new combinations of knowledge. |
| | D) | a greater range and more spontaneous use of strategies for applying and obtaining knowledge. |
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12 | |
Which student is demonstrating self-regulatory learning? |
| | A) | Zola, who keeps her watch on her desk to time her study sessions. |
| | B) | Yolanda, who asks her teacher how to solve math problems when she gets stuck. |
| | C) | Xena, who monitors her progress toward her goals. |
| | D) | Wanda, who sticks to a schedule for all of her activities, from studying to partying. |
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13 | |
Mr. Peterson has some students he considers to be low self-regulatory learners. Zimmerman, Bonner, and Kovach (1996) would suggest he help them engage in all of the following steps, EXCEPT: |
| | A) | consistently seeking feedback on their progress from others. |
| | B) | self-evaluation and monitoring. |
| | C) | putting a plan into action and monitoring it. |
| | D) | monitoring outcomes and refining strategies. |
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14 | |
A value that has dramatically decreased for adolescents today, as compared with adolescents in the late 1960s, is: |
| | A) | achieving a sense of self-fulfillment. |
| | B) | need for self-expression. |
| | C) | developing a meaningful philosophy of life. |
| | D) | being very well-off financially. |
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15 | |
Service learning has been found to benefit students in all of the following ways, EXCEPT: |
| | A) | improved grades. |
| | B) | finding jobs. |
| | C) | higher self-esteem. |
| | D) | decreased alienation. |
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16 | |
According to John Dewey (1933), schools provide moral education through: |
| | A) | a hidden curriculum. |
| | B) | character education. |
| | C) | service learning. |
| | D) | religious education. |
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17 | |
A direct approach that involves teaching students a basic moral literacy to prevent them from engaging in immoral behavior and harming themselves or others is: |
| | A) | the hidden curriculum. |
| | B) | character education. |
| | C) | values clarification. |
| | D) | cognitive moral education. |
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18 | |
Research on religious beliefs in adolescence typically demonstrate that: |
| | A) | most adolescents say they believe in God or a universal spirit. |
| | B) | more than 50 percent of adolescents today are agnostics (they're not sure about the existence of a supreme being). |
| | C) | more than 50 percent of adolescents today are atheists they do not believe in a supreme being). |
| | D) | most adolescents will attend religious services with their parents, but typically only under duress. |
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19 | |
A trend in adolescent development that has formulated the creation of middle schools is: |
| | A) | an increase in formal operational thinking among early adolescents. |
| | B) | the appearance of greater autonomy from adults. |
| | C) | the earlier onset of puberty in recent decades. |
| | D) | the fact that today's teens spend more time with peers than with parents or adults. |
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20 | |
Students experiencing the top-dog phenomenon are most likely to exhibit: |
| | A) | high achievement motivation. |
| | B) | decreased satisfaction with school. |
| | C) | good relations with peers. |
| | D) | power over other students. |
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21 | |
Joan Lipsitz (1984) said that the common thread among schools that have been successful in diminishing the trauma often associated with the middle-school experience is that they all emphasized: |
| | A) | gender equity. |
| | B) | curricular flexibility. |
| | C) | discipline. |
| | D) | the importance of high academic standards. |
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22 | |
The Carnegie Corporation's (1989) recommendations for improving middle schools in the United States included all of the following, EXCEPT: |
| | A) | lower the student-to-counselor ratios to 10:1. |
| | B) | get parents involved. |
| | C) | integrate physical health into the curriculum. |
| | D) | promote continuity by keeping all class sessions the same length. |
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23 | |
Rumberger (1983) found that all of the following are reasons that students drop out of schools, EXCEPT: |
| | A) | family pressures. |
| | B) | not liking school. |
| | C) | economic reasons. |
| | D) | marriage. |
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24 | |
Which is the only country in the world in which sports are an integral part of the public school system? |
| | A) | the United States |
| | B) | Russia |
| | C) | Japan |
| | D) | Brazil |
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25 | |
When children say they want to grow up to be a superhero, they are in Ginzberg's _______________ stage of career choice. |
| | A) | tentative |
| | B) | fantasy |
| | C) | realistic |
| | D) | imaginative |
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26 | |
Carl, a senior in high school, is doing a teaching internship. He is also preparing letters for fourth-grade teaching positions. Carl is in Super's vocational phase called: |
| | A) | crystallization. |
| | B) | specification. |
| | C) | implementation. |
| | D) | stabilization. |
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27 | |
According to Holland's personality-type theory, the person with a conventional personality is most likely to be: |
| | A) | a bank teller. |
| | B) | an artist. |
| | C) | a social worker. |
| | D) | a carpenter. |
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28 | |
In Grotevant and Durrett's (1980) study of adolescents' career planning, students lacked knowledge about: |
| | A) | a realistic salary base. |
| | B) | how to prepare effective resumes. |
| | C) | how to fill out job applications and interview. |
| | D) | the educational requirements of careers they desire. |
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29 | |
All of the following are important sociocultural factors stated in the text that influence career development, EXCEPT: |
| | A) | socioeconomic status. |
| | B) | parents and peers. |
| | C) | gender orientation. |
| | D) | schools. |
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30 | |
Children in impoverished neighborhoods have a lack of modern technological equipment. This is a special concern for ethnic minority girls because these girls: |
| | A) | lack encouragement to succeed at home. |
| | B) | often show less interest in technology than their male counterparts. |
| | C) | are more likely than the male students to drop out of school. |
| | D) | typically demonstrate lower aptitude for succeeding in technological fields. |
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31 | |
Greenberger and Steinberg (1981, 1986) found that: |
| | A) | adolescents who work receive extensive on-the-job training. |
| | B) | when adolescents work, they learn to get along better with adults. |
| | C) | the work experiences of adolescents help them understand how the business world works. |
| | D) | adolescents who work learn to budget their time to include studying so they can keep up their school grades. |
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32 | |
Research on the link between part-time work during adolescence and problem behavior suggests that: |
| | A) | students who work 1 to 5 hours a week do not experience any more problem behaviors than those who do not work at all. |
| | B) | having a part-time job teaches students responsibility and lowers the risk of problem behaviors. |
| | C) | working for more than 20 hours per week is associated with increased problem behavior. |
| | D) | working more than 10 hours per week is associated with juvenile delinquency. |
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2003 McGraw-Hill Higher Education