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Essay Quiz
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1

What are hormones and endocrine glands? What are the important hormones and endocrine glands that regulate sexual functioning?
2

What are the major functions of testosterone in the male body? How does the negative feedback loop between the testes, the pituitary gland, and the hypothalamus work in the male?
3

Where are follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), and inhibin produced and what are their major effects in the male?
4

What are the major functions of estrogen and progesterone in the female body? How are the levels of hormones controlled in the female and how is their fluctuation different from that in males?
5

What are prolactin and oxytocin and what are their roles in the female?
6

What is meant by the prenatal period and by prenatal sexual differentiation?
7

What are the chromosomal configurations that typically result in males and females? What is Klinefelter’s syndrome?
8

What basic sexual structures are present in the undifferentiated embryo at seven weeks after conception?
9

When do the gonads differentiate in the male and female? How is the differentiation of the gonads directed?
10

What controls the differentiation of the internal and external genital system of the male and female? What are the Mullerian ducts and Wolffian ducts? What is the function of anti-Mullerian hormone?
11

From what structures do the external genitals develop? When is the gender of the fetus clear from the appearance of the external genitals?
12

When do the testes and ovaries typically descend into the pelvis? What is cryptorchidism and why and how is it corrected? What is an inguinal hernia and how is it corrected?
13

Do sex hormones have impact on brain differentiation in males and females?
14

What is meant by homologous organs and analogous organs? What are the major homologies and analogies of the male and female reproductive systems?
15

What are the eight variables of gender as outlined by Money (1987)? Which of these variables are biological and which are psychological?
16

When is a person called an intersex or pseudohermaphrodite? What are the characteristics of the most common intersex syndromes: congenital adrenal hyperplasia, progestin-induced pseudohermaphroditism, and androgen insensitivity syndrome? What is 5-Alpha Reductase Syndrome? What is the significance of the research about Guevodoces to our understanding of gender?
17

What has been the traditional standard protocol for treatment of intersex infants, what criticisms have been made of this approach by the Intersex Society of North America and Milton Diamond, and how has the American Academy of Pediatrics responded?
18

How does puberty differ from adolescence? How does adolescence in modern American culture differ from adolescence of a century ago and from some other cultures? What gender and individual differences exist in the timing of puberty?
19

What are the major physical changes of puberty in females and when do they typically occur? What is menarche? What is the percent body fat hypothesis? What controls the initiation and changes of puberty? How are the adrenal glands involved in puberty and what is adrenarche?
20

What are the major physical changes of puberty in the male and when do they typically occur? What are some physical problems related to puberty? What function do puberty rites serve?





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