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| 1 | |
What accounts for the gray color of gray matter? |
| | A) | presence of Nissl bodies |
| | B) | absence of myelin |
| | C) | both of the above |
| | D) | neither of the above |
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| 2 | |
Bundles of neurofilaments extending into dendrites and axons to provide structural support are called |
| | A) | nodes of Ranvier |
| | B) | nerve fibers |
| | C) | neurotubules |
| | D) | neurofibrils |
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| 3 | |
The phrase "terminally differentiated," as applied to mature neurons, means that they |
| | A) | cannot regenerate damaged parts |
| | B) | process energy differently after reaching maturity |
| | C) | cannot divide mitotically to produce daughter cells |
| | D) | have axon terminals specialized for impulse conduction |
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| 4 | |
Although they outnumber ____________ by as much as ten to one, ____________ account for only about half of the total volume of the nervous system. |
| | A) | neuroglia; neurons |
| | B) | neurons; glial cells |
| | C) | interneurons; sensory neurons |
| | D) | astrocytes; oligodendrocytes |
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| 5 | |
Their methods are different, but ____________ in the CNS and ____________ in the PNS perform similar functions. |
| | A) | astrocytes; neurolemmocytes |
| | B) | oligodendrocytes; neurolemmocytes |
| | C) | microglia; satellite cells |
| | D) | ependymal cells; satellite cells |
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| 6 | |
Which glial cells behave much like certain leukocytes? |
| | A) | microglia |
| | B) | ependymal cells |
| | C) | oligodendrocytes |
| | D) | satellite cells |
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| 7 | |
Although classified as glial cells, ____________ are also ____________ that line the cavities in the brain and spinal cord and help form the choroid plexus. |
| | A) | astrocytes; phagocytes |
| | B) | microglia; phagocytes |
| | C) | ependymal cells; epithelial cells |
| | D) | oligodendrocytes; epithelial cells |
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| 8 | |
In the PNS, an axon may be enveloped by ____________ without being ____________. |
| | A) | neurolemmocytes; myelinated |
| | B) | oligodendrocytes; myelinated |
| | C) | satellite cells; in a ganglion |
| | D) | endoneurium; in a nerve |
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| 9 | |
Which glial cells participate in the repair of damaged nerves? |
| | A) | satellite and ependymal cells |
| | B) | neurolemmocytes |
| | C) | oligodendrocytes |
| | D) | astrocytes and microglia |
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| 10 | |
Which nervous system divisions or components contain no afferent neurons? |
| | A) | somatic and visceral sensory |
| | B) | CNS and PNS |
| | C) | PNS and ANS |
| | D) | ANS and SNS |
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| 11 | |
Ironically, a ____________ neuron typically has more dendrites than a ____________ neuron. |
| | A) | bipolar; multipolar |
| | B) | unipolar; multipolar |
| | C) | unipolar; bipolar |
| | D) | sensory; multipolar |
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| 12 | |
A multipolar neuron that synapses on a gland cell is functionally classified as |
| | A) | a visceral motor neuron |
| | B) | a somatic motor neuron |
| | C) | a sensory neuron |
| | D) | an interneuron |
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| 13 | |
In terms of nerve impulse conduction, unmyelinated is to ____________ as myelinated is to ____________. |
| | A) | oligodendrocytes; neurolemmocytes |
| | B) | neurolemmocytes; oligodendrocytes |
| | C) | continuous; saltatory |
| | D) | saltatory; continuous |
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| 14 | |
A nerve impulse involves ____________ across a neuron's plasma membrane. |
| | A) | changes in voltage |
| | B) | movement of ions |
| | C) | both a and b |
| | D) | neither a nor b |
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| 15 | |
Axon regeneration in the CNS is restricted by which of the following factors? |
| | A) | oligodendrocytes do not release a nerve growth factor |
| | B) | crowded axons in the brain and spinal cord complicate regrowth |
| | C) | astrocytes and connective tissue coverings may form obstructive scar tissue |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 16 | |
At a chemical synapse, ____________ are found only in the plasma membrane of the ____________ cell. |
| | A) | neurotransmitters; postsynaptic |
| | B) | receptor proteins; postsynaptic |
| | C) | neurotransmitters; presynaptic |
| | D) | receptor proteins; presynaptic |
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| 17 | |
Synapses are categorized on the basis of |
| | A) | point of contact and mode of impulse transmission |
| | B) | direction of signal and speed of impulse transmission |
| | C) | size of synaptic knob and mode of impulse transmission |
| | D) | shape of synaptic knob and speed of impulse transmission |
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| 18 | |
Which structural classes of neurons are always sensory in function? |
| | A) | multipolar and unipolar |
| | B) | unipolar and bipolar |
| | C) | bipolar and multipolar |
| | D) | unipolar, bipolar, and multipolar |
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| 19 | |
The ____________ is the only functional class of neuron entirely restricted to the ____________ nervous system. |
| | A) | association neuron; central |
| | B) | sensory neuron; central |
| | C) | motor neuron; peripheral |
| | D) | interneuron; peripheral |
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| 20 | |
Which of the following are structural, as opposed to functional, divisions of the nervous system?
(1) CNS (2) SNS (3) PNS (4) ANS |
| | A) | 1 and 2 |
| | B) | 2 and 4 |
| | C) | 3 and 4 |
| | D) | 1 and 3 |
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| 21 | |
With regard to control of effectors, ____________ is to involuntary as ____________ is to voluntary. |
| | A) | somatic; visceral |
| | B) | somatic; peripheral |
| | C) | autonomic; somatic |
| | D) | central; peripheral |
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| 22 | |
Sensory neurons in which of the following locations receive and transmit only visceral input?
(1) skin (2) joints (3) heart (4) fascia (5) stomach |
| | A) | 1 and 2 |
| | B) | 3 and 5 |
| | C) | 3, 4, and 5 |
| | D) | 2, 3, 4, and 5 |
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| 23 | |
Touch, vibration, and proprioception are examples of |
| | A) | special visceral senses |
| | B) | general visceral senses |
| | C) | special somatic senses |
| | D) | general somatic senses |
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| 24 | |
Which statement is false regarding neural circuits? |
| | A) | converging circuits provide multiple input to a single postsynaptic neuron |
| | B) | diverging circuits spread information from one neuron or pool to several others |
| | C) | in parallel-after-discharge circuits, a single input leads to multiple individual outputs |
| | D) | in reverberating circuits, feedback repeatedly stimulates the circuit in a cyclic pattern |
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| 25 | |
Increased dietary intake of vitamin B12 and ____________ during pregnancy can dramatically reduce the incidence of neural tube defects such as ____________. |
| | A) | ascorbic acid (vitamin C); neuritis and demyelination |
| | B) | folic acid (folate); anencephaly and spina bifida |
| | C) | pantothenic acid; amyotrophic lateral sclerosis |
| | D) | iron; Guillain-Barré syndrome |
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