 |
| 1 | |
Structurally, the nervous system consists of which two subdivisions? |
| | A) | somatic and visceral |
| | B) | somatic and autonomic |
| | C) | central and peripheral |
| | D) | sensory and motor |
|
|
|
| 2 | |
Clusters of neuron cell bodies located outside the CNS are called |
| | A) | centers |
| | B) | ganglia |
| | C) | nuclei |
| | D) | nerves |
|
|
|
| 3 | |
Which functional division of the nervous system includes the SNS and ANS? |
| | A) | sensory |
| | B) | motor |
| | C) | central |
| | D) | peripheral |
|
|
|
| 4 | |
In the PNS, components of the afferent division include |
| | A) | interneurons |
| | B) | motor neurons |
| | C) | sensory neurons |
| | D) | all of the above |
|
|
|
| 5 | |
Which effectors are innervated by visceral motor neurons? |
| | A) | cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and glands |
| | B) | somatic effectors other than skeletal muscle |
| | C) | skeletal muscle, skin, and joints |
| | D) | interneurons of the CNS |
|
|
|
| 6 | |
The two distinct cell types that compose all nervous tissue are |
| | A) | microglia and astrocytes |
| | B) | neurons and glial cells |
| | C) | satellite cells and neurolemmocytes |
| | D) | oligodendrocytes and ependymal cells |
|
|
|
| 7 | |
In neurons, the abundant free and bound ribosomes are collectively called the |
| | A) | neurofibrils and neurotubules |
| | B) | perikaryon |
| | C) | chromatophilic substance |
| | D) | axon hillock |
|
|
|
| 8 | |
The slightly expanded tips of telodendria are called |
| | A) | synaptic knobs |
| | B) | synapses |
| | C) | axon terminals |
| | D) | axon collaterals |
|
|
|
| 9 | |
The cytoplasm in a neuron cell body (or sometimes the entire cell body) is called the |
| | A) | neurilemma |
| | B) | perineurium |
| | C) | epineurium |
| | D) | perikaryon |
|
|
|
| 10 | |
Structural categories of neurons include which of the following? |
| | A) | sensory, motor, and interneurons |
| | B) | unipolar, bipolar, and multipolar |
| | C) | afferent, association, and efferent |
| | D) | all of the above |
|
|
|
| 11 | |
Neurons with numerous dendrites and a single axon are structurally classified as |
| | A) | association neurons |
| | B) | multipolar neurons |
| | C) | motor neurons |
| | D) | pseudounipolar neurons |
|
|
|
| 12 | |
Efferent neurons transmit nerve impulses |
| | A) | between interneurons in the CNS |
| | B) | from sensory receptors to the CNS |
| | C) | from the CNS to muscles or glands |
| | D) | from the spinal cord to the brain |
|
|
|
| 13 | |
Collectively, glial cells do all of the following except |
| | A) | physically protect and help nourish neurons |
| | B) | guide young migrating neurons during development |
| | C) | provide a supporting framework for all nervous tissue |
| | D) | synthesize neurotransmitters and conduct nerve impulses |
|
|
|
| 14 | |
The word root glia, as in "glial cells," most nearly means |
| | A) | star |
| | B) | small |
| | C) | glue |
| | D) | to clasp |
|
|
|
| 15 | |
Which pair names only neuroglia of the central nervous system? |
| | A) | astrocytes and interneurons |
| | B) | ependymal cells and astrocytes |
| | C) | microglia and neurolemmocytes |
| | D) | oligodendrocytes and satellite cells |
|
|
|
| 16 | |
Which description refers to oligodendrocytes? |
| | A) | small cells with slender branches from the cell body |
| | B) | large, star-shaped cells with numerous cell processes |
| | C) | large, bulbous cells with slender cytoplasmic extensions |
| | D) | flattened cells wrapped around axons to form myelin |
|
|
|
| 17 | |
The largest and most abundant of the CNS glial cells, ____________ help form the blood-brain barrier. |
| | A) | astrocytes |
| | B) | oligodendrocytes |
| | C) | neurolemmocytes |
| | D) | ependymal cells |
|
|
|
| 18 | |
Which types of glial cells are found in the peripheral nervous system? |
| | A) | oligodendrocytes and astrocytes |
| | B) | microglia and ependymal cells |
| | C) | neurolemmocytes and satellite cells |
| | D) | all of the above |
|
|
|
| 19 | |
Which term describes the collection of lipids and proteins that may form a protective coating around an axon? |
| | A) | neurofibril |
| | B) | myelin |
| | C) | node of Ranvier |
| | D) | endoneurium |
|
|
|
| 20 | |
Myelination affects nerve impulse conduction in which of the following ways? |
| | A) | allows saltatory conduction from one neurofibril node to the next |
| | B) | permits nerve impulses to travel continuously along the entire axon |
| | C) | slows the nerve impulse by exposing only limited parts of the axon |
| | D) | all of the above |
|
|
|
| 21 | |
Axon regeneration in the PNS involves ____________ in a process known as Wallerian ____________. |
| | A) | satellite cells; stimulation |
| | B) | ependymal cells; neogenesis |
| | C) | oligodendrocytes; replacement |
| | D) | neurolemmocytes; degeneration |
|
|
|
| 22 | |
Nerves are bundles of parallel axons in the PNS that have three successive connective tissue wrappings, called the |
| | A) | endoneurium, perineurium, and epineurium |
| | B) | endomysium, perimysium, and epimysium |
| | C) | deep fascia, subserous fascia, and superficial fascia |
| | D) | pia mater, arachnoid layer, and dura mater |
|
|
|
| 23 | |
The point at which two excitable cells contact to exchange information is called a |
| | A) | flash point |
| | B) | gap junction |
| | C) | neurofibril node |
| | D) | synapse |
|
|
|
| 24 | |
The synaptic knob of a neuron may contact another neuron anywhere except on its |
| | A) | dendrites |
| | B) | cell body |
| | C) | myelin sheath |
| | D) | synaptic knob |
|
|
|
| 25 | |
At a chemical synapse, the presynaptic membrane releases a signaling molecule called a |
| | A) | synaptic enzyme |
| | B) | nerve impulse |
| | C) | hormone |
| | D) | neurotransmitter |
|
|
|
| 26 | |
Which one of the following is not a step in the conduction of a nerve impulse across a chemical synapse? |
| | A) | the nerve impulse causes an influx of Ca2+ ions into the synaptic knob |
| | B) | calcium ions entering the synaptic cleft cause the endocytosis of synaptic vesicles |
| | C) | neurotransmitter molecules diffuse across the synaptic cleft to the postsynaptic cell |
| | D) | a voltage change in the postsynaptic cell triggers a nerve impulse to begin there |
|
|
|
| 27 | |
The rate of conduction of a nerve impulse is influenced by the |
| | A) | length of the axon and number of axon collaterals |
| | B) | strength and frequency of the stimulus that initiated it |
| | C) | diameter of the axon and presence or absence of a myelin sheath |
| | D) | number of telodendria and presence or absence of axon collaterals |
|
|
|
| 28 | |
Which description doesnot accurately characterize neuronal pools? |
| | A) | consist of complex patterns of interconnected neurons |
| | B) | have limited number of input sources and output destinations |
| | C) | may be localized or distributed in several different regions of the CNS |
| | D) | have numerous types of circuits defined by structural features |
|
|
|
| 29 | |
All of the following are types of neuronal circuits except |
| | A) | converging |
| | B) | diverging |
| | C) | proliferating |
| | D) | reverberating |
|
|
|
| 30 | |
In the embryo, the neural plate (which gives rise to most nervous tissue structures) develops from |
| | A) | ectoderm |
| | B) | mesoderm |
| | C) | endoderm |
| | D) | all of the above |
|
|
.