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| 1 | |
The four major regions of the brain are the |
| | A) | cerebrum, thalamus, cerebellum, and medulla oblongata |
| | B) | telencephalon, mesencephalon, pons, and cerebellum |
| | C) | prosencephalon, metencephalon, hypothalamus, and pons |
| | D) | cerebrum, diencephalon, brainstem, and cerebellum |
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| 2 | |
Which sequence lists the cranial meninges in order from superficial to deep? |
| | A) | pia mater, arachnoid, dura mater |
| | B) | dura mater, pia mater, arachnoid |
| | C) | dura mater, arachnoid, pia mater |
| | D) | arachnoid, dura mater, pia mater |
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| 3 | |
In regions where the two layers of the dura mater separate, the gap between them is called |
| | A) | a dural venous sinus |
| | B) | the epidural space |
| | C) | the subdural space |
| | D) | the subarachnoid space |
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| 4 | |
The largest of the cranial dural septa is the |
| | A) | sella turcica |
| | B) | falx cerebri |
| | C) | tentorium cerebelli |
| | D) | falx cerebelli |
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| 5 | |
The tetrahedron-shaped cavity between the pons and cerebellum is the |
| | A) | lateral ventricle |
| | B) | third ventricle |
| | C) | fourth ventricle |
| | D) | mesencephalic aqueduct |
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| 6 | |
The word root ependyma, as in "ependymal cells," literally means |
| | A) | a membrane |
| | B) | an upper garment |
| | C) | a braid |
| | D) | a thin layer |
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| 7 | |
Cerebrospinal fluid performs which of the following functions? |
| | A) | provides buoyancy for the brain |
| | B) | cushions neural structures from sudden movements |
| | C) | delivers nutrients and chemical messengers and removes waste products |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 8 | |
Which structure produces cerebrospinal fluid in each ventricle? |
| | A) | choroid plexus |
| | B) | arachnoid villus |
| | C) | arachnoid granulation |
| | D) | diaphragma sellae |
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| 9 | |
From the subarachnoid space, excess cerebrospinal fluid flows into the dural venous sinuses through the |
| | A) | lateral apertures |
| | B) | median aperture |
| | C) | arachnoid villi |
| | D) | arachnoid trabeculae |
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| 10 | |
The blood-brain barrier of the CNS is missing or markedly reduced in which of the following locations? |
| | A) | spinal cord and cerebellum |
| | B) | pituitary gland and thalamus |
| | C) | choroid plexus, pons, and medulla oblongata |
| | D) | choroid plexus, hypothalamus, and pineal gland |
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| 11 | |
The cerebral hemispheres are separated by the |
| | A) | central sulcus |
| | B) | lateral sulcus |
| | C) | longitudinal fissure |
| | D) | parieto-occipital sulcus |
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| 12 | |
Which statement does not describe the parietal lobe? |
| | A) | is involved with general sensory functions |
| | B) | contains the functionally important precentral gyrus |
| | C) | is bounded posteriorly by the parieto-occipital sulcus |
| | D) | forms the superoposterior part of each cerebral hemisphere |
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| 13 | |
Which term describes masses of gray matter deep inside each cerebral hemisphere? |
| | A) | cerebral nuclei |
| | B) | limbic system |
| | C) | corpus callosum |
| | D) | mammillary bodies |
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| 14 | |
The central white matter consists of which three groups of axons? |
| | A) | afferent, efferent, and association tracts |
| | B) | association, commissural, and projection tracts |
| | C) | association tracts, arcuate fibers, and the internal capsule |
| | D) | projection tracts, longitudinal fasciculi, and arcuate fibers |
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| 15 | |
Myelinated axons that extend between the cerebral hemispheres are called |
| | A) | association tracts |
| | B) | commissural tracts |
| | C) | longitudinal fasciculi |
| | D) | arcuate fibers |
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| 16 | |
Which cortical region is responsible for the conscious awareness of touch, pressure, pain, and temperature? |
| | A) | premotor cortex |
| | B) | primary gustatory cortex |
| | C) | somatosensory association area |
| | D) | primary somatosensory cortex |
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| 17 | |
Which cerebral cortical area coordinates learned, skilled motor activities? |
| | A) | premotor cortex |
| | B) | prefrontal cortex |
| | C) | primary motor cortex |
| | D) | gnostic area |
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| 18 | |
The thalamus does all of the following except |
| | A) | processes and relays sensory information to the primary sensory cortex |
| | B) | filters incoming information and forwards relatively little to the cerebrum |
| | C) | receives and processes sensory input from olfactory receptors in the nose |
| | D) | sends signals about conscious awareness of emotional states to frontal lobes |
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| 19 | |
Which region of the diencephalon controls the ANS and endocrine system, body temperature, circadian rhythms, and various emotions and behavioral drives? |
| | A) | epithalamus |
| | B) | hypothalamus |
| | C) | thalamus |
| | D) | infundibulum |
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| 20 | |
What are the three regions of the brainstem? |
| | A) | cerebrum, diencephalon, and cerebellum |
| | B) | pons, cerebellum, and mesencephalon |
| | C) | diencephalon, mesencephalon, and metencephalon |
| | D) | mesencephalon, pons, and medulla oblongata |
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| 21 | |
The mesencephalon comprises all of the following structures except the |
| | A) | flocculonodular lobes |
| | B) | corpora quadrigemina |
| | C) | cerebral peduncles |
| | D) | tegmentum |
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| 22 | |
Reflexive turning of the head and eyes in the direction of a sound is controlled by the ____________ of the mesencephalon. |
| | A) | superior colliculi |
| | B) | inferior colliculi |
| | C) | red nuclei |
| | D) | substantia nigra |
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| 23 | |
The medulla oblongata contains |
| | A) | nuclei associated with five pairs of cranial nerves |
| | B) | nuclei and tracts that relay sensory information to the thalamus |
| | C) | several autonomic nuclei that regulate functions vital for life |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 24 | |
Coordinating skeletal muscle movements and maintaining equilibrium are two of several important functions of the |
| | A) | cerebrum |
| | B) | cerebellum |
| | C) | diencephalon |
| | D) | mesencephalon |
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| 25 | |
Which description of the cerebellum is incorrect? |
| | A) | has a complex, convoluted surface covered by cerebellar cortex |
| | B) | a narrow band of cortex called the vermis lies along the midline |
| | C) | has prominent folds called gyri covering the left and right hemispheres |
| | D) | internally, white matter called the arbor vitae forms branching patterns |
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| 26 | |
Components of the limbic system |
| | A) | conduct and process olfactory sensations |
| | B) | collectively process and experience emotions |
| | C) | are essential in storing memories and forming long-term memory |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 27 | |
Cranial nerves with purely sensory functions include which of the following? |
| | A) | olfactory, optic, and vestibulocochlear |
| | B) | trigeminal and facial |
| | C) | glossopharyngeal, accessory, and hypoglossal |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 28 | |
Which cranial nerves innervate the extrinsic eye muscles? |
| | A) | abducens, trigeminal, and trochlear |
| | B) | olfactory, oculomotor, and hypoglossal |
| | C) | trigeminal, glossopharyngeal, and oculomotor |
| | D) | oculomotor, trochlear, and abducens |
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| 29 | |
Which cranial nerves have autonomic (parasympathetic) as well as somatic motor functions? |
| | A) | I, III, V, and VI |
| | B) | II, IV, and VIII |
| | C) | III, VII, IX, and X |
| | D) | X, XI, and XII |
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| 30 | |
The word root vagus, as in "vagus nerve," most nearly means |
| | A) | long |
| | B) | visceral |
| | C) | wandering |
| | D) | vital |
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