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| 1 | |
Which body regions are innervated by the lumbar enlargement of the spinal cord? |
| | A) | head and neck |
| | B) | upper limbs |
| | C) | abdomen and pelvis |
| | D) | lower limbs |
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| 2 | |
What is the collective name for all of the axons that project inferiorly from the spinal cord? |
| | A) | conus medullaris |
| | B) | cauda equina |
| | C) | sacral nerves |
| | D) | coccygeal nerves |
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| 3 | |
Within the cauda equina is a thin strand of pia mater called the |
| | A) | denticulate ligament |
| | B) | posterior rootlet |
| | C) | filum terminale |
| | D) | conus medullaris |
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| 4 | |
Cell bodies of sensory neurons are housed in each |
| | A) | posterior root |
| | B) | posterior root ganglion |
| | C) | anterior root |
| | D) | anterior gray horn |
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| 5 | |
Which structure contains motor axons only? |
| | A) | posterior root ganglion |
| | B) | posterior root |
| | C) | anterior root |
| | D) | anterior gray horn |
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| 6 | |
Within each intervertebral foramen, an anterior root and its corresponding posterior root unite to form a |
| | A) | spinal nerve |
| | B) | cranial nerve |
| | C) | motor nerve |
| | D) | sensory nerve |
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| 7 | |
The spinal cord meninges, in order from the outermost to the innermost, are the |
| | A) | pia mater, arachnoid, and dura mater |
| | B) | dura mater, pia mater, and arachnoid |
| | C) | dura mater, arachnoid, and pia mater |
| | D) | periosteal layer, meningeal layer, arachnoid, and pia mater |
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| 8 | |
The tough, protective ____________ extends between adjacent vertebrae to fuse with the connective tissue surrounding the spinal nerves. |
| | A) | periosteal layer |
| | B) | dura mater |
| | C) | arachnoid |
| | D) | pia mater |
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| 9 | |
Between the dura mater and the inner walls of the vertebrae is the |
| | A) | subdural space |
| | B) | epidural space |
| | C) | subarachnoid space |
| | D) | arachnoid |
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| 10 | |
The substance that fills the subarachnoid space is |
| | A) | lymph |
| | B) | blood plasma |
| | C) | synovial fluid |
| | D) | cerebrospinal fluid |
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| 11 | |
What are the paired, triangular extensions of the pia mater that help anchor the spinal cord laterally to the dura mater? |
| | A) | anterior rootlets |
| | B) | posterior rootlets |
| | C) | denticulate ligaments |
| | D) | suspensory ligaments |
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| 12 | |
The outer region of the spinal cord, composed primarily of myelinated axons, is called the |
| | A) | white matter |
| | B) | gray matter |
| | C) | gray commissure |
| | D) | lateral horns |
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| 13 | |
The word root commissura most nearly means |
| | A) | a crossing |
| | B) | a seam |
| | C) | hidden |
| | D) | gray |
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| 14 | |
The lateral horns found in the T1-L2 regions of the spinal cord contain |
| | A) | somatic and visceral sensory nuclei |
| | B) | axons crossing from side to side |
| | C) | cell bodies of autonomic motor neurons |
| | D) | cell bodies of somatic motor neurons |
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| 15 | |
Which spinal cord components contain cell bodies of interneurons and axons of sensory neurons? |
| | A) | posterior horns |
| | B) | lateral horns |
| | C) | anterior horns |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 16 | |
White matter of the spinal cord is partitioned into ____________, each containing both ascending and descending ____________. |
| | A) | columns; nerves |
| | B) | fasciculi; funiculi |
| | C) | funiculi; tracts |
| | D) | fasciculi; tracts |
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| 17 | |
The anterior funiculi are interconnected by the |
| | A) | lateral funiculi |
| | B) | posterior funiculi |
| | C) | gray commissure |
| | D) | white commissure |
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| 18 | |
The spinal nerves inferior to ____________ exit below the vertebra of the same number. |
| | A) | C1 |
| | B) | C8 |
| | C) | T1 |
| | D) | T12 |
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| 19 | |
Which term describes the specific region of skin monitored by a single spinal nerve? |
| | A) | ramus communicans |
| | B) | posterior ramus |
| | C) | dermatome |
| | D) | anterior ramus |
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| 20 | |
The anterior rami of spinal nerves T1-T11 |
| | A) | form the cervical plexus |
| | B) | are called intercostal nerves |
| | C) | all contribute to the brachial plexus |
| | D) | contain only sensory axons |
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| 21 | |
The four principal nerve plexuses are the |
| | A) | cranial, cervical, brachial, and lumbosacral |
| | B) | cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and sacral |
| | C) | cervical, brachial, lumbar, and sacral |
| | D) | brachial, lumbar, sacral, and pelvic |
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| 22 | |
Branches of which plexuses innervate anterior neck muscles, the skin of the neck, and parts of the head and shoulders? |
| | A) | cervical |
| | B) | brachial |
| | C) | lumbosacral |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 23 | |
Nerves from the brachial plexuses innervate the |
| | A) | head and neck |
| | B) | neck and upper arms |
| | C) | pectoral girdles and upper limbs |
| | D) | thorax and pectoral girdles |
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| 24 | |
All of the following branch from the lumbar plexus except the |
| | A) | femoral nerve |
| | B) | obturator nerve |
| | C) | ilioinguinal nerve |
| | D) | sciatic nerve |
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| 25 | |
Which nerve innervates the posterior thigh and leg muscles, plantar foot muscles, and skin of the sole of the foot? |
| | A) | inferior gluteal |
| | B) | tibial |
| | C) | common fibular |
| | D) | deep fibular |
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| 26 | |
Which adjective best describes reflex responses? |
| | A) | variable |
| | B) | automatic |
| | C) | deliberate |
| | D) | voluntary |
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| 27 | |
The first step involved in a typical neural reflex is |
| | A) | activation of a receptor by a stimulus |
| | B) | activation of a motor neuron |
| | C) | response of a peripheral effector |
| | D) | information processing |
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| 28 | |
Which of the following is not generally involved in a reflex? |
| | A) | conduction of a nerve impulse to the CNS by a sensory neuron |
| | B) | information processing by interneurons in an integration center |
| | C) | transmission of a nerve impulse to a peripheral effector organ |
| | D) | inhibition of an effector by a stimulus from a motor neuron |
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| 29 | |
If its receptor and effector are on the same side of the body, a reflex arc is termed ____________; if on opposite sides, it is ____________. |
| | A) | hypoactive; hyperactive |
| | B) | monosynaptic; polysynaptic |
| | C) | ipsilateral; contralateral |
| | D) | parallel; commissural |
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| 30 | |
A familiar type of monosynaptic reflex that monitors and regulates the length of skeletal muscle is the |
| | A) | withdrawal reflex |
| | B) | stretch reflex |
| | C) | flexor reflex |
| | D) | Golgi tendon reflex |
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