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| 1 | |
In the major somatosensory pathways, a primary neuron |
| | A) | synapses on an interneuron in the spinal cord or brainstem |
| | B) | sometimes crosses over from one side of the body to the other |
| | C) | is a sensory neuron with its cell body in a posterior root ganglion |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 2 | |
In somatosensory pathways that project to the cerebral cortex, dendrites and cell bodies of ____________ neurons are located in the thalamus. |
| | A) | primary |
| | B) | secondary |
| | C) | tertiary |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 3 | |
Which adjective describes a correspondence between a receptor's location in a body part and a particular location in the CNS? |
| | A) | somatotopic |
| | B) | somatotropic |
| | C) | homologous |
| | D) | analogous |
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| 4 | |
Which tracts conduct sensory impulses for pain and temperature? |
| | A) | anterior spinocerebellar |
| | B) | posterior spinocerebellar |
| | C) | lateral spinothalamic |
| | D) | anterior spinothalamic |
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| 5 | |
A tract with a name that begins with spino- |
| | A) | carries motor commands from the brain to the spinal cord |
| | B) | conducts sensory impulses from the spinal cord to the brain |
| | C) | is a component of the medial or lateral pathway |
| | D) | is located in the posterior funiculus-medial lemniscal pathway |
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| 6 | |
Injuring the right posterior spinocerebellar tract at the L1 level of the spinal cord would impair coordinated movement of the |
| | A) | right arm |
| | B) | left arm |
| | C) | right leg |
| | D) | left leg |
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| 7 | |
Because of a single ____________ inferior to the thalamus, the ____________ primary somatosensory cortex receives input from the right side of the body, and vice versa. |
| | A) | synapse; right |
| | B) | synapse; left |
| | C) | decussation; right |
| | D) | decussation; left |
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| 8 | |
What happens if a sensory impulse is projected to the wrong part of the primary somatosensory cortex? |
| | A) | the sensation is "felt" in the wrong part of the body |
| | B) | the sensation is interpreted as pain |
| | C) | no sensation is experienced |
| | D) | motor impulses cannot be generated in response |
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| 9 | |
Which of the following are components of all somatic motor pathways? |
| | A) | preganglionic and ganglionic neurons |
| | B) | primary and secondary neurons |
| | C) | upper and lower motor neurons |
| | D) | ascending and descending axons |
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| 10 | |
Of the tracts in the indirect pathway, the rubrospinal is the only one that |
| | A) | synapses on motor neurons of the anterior gray horns |
| | B) | is also a component of the lateral pathway |
| | C) | conducts impulses that control unconscious activities |
| | D) | crosses to the opposite side within the brainstem |
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| 11 | |
Which descending tracts terminate at the motor nuclei of cranial nerves? |
| | A) | corticobulbar |
| | B) | corticospinal |
| | C) | tectospinal |
| | D) | vestibulospinal |
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| 12 | |
Coincidentally, it is the axons of pyramidal cells in the ____________ tracts that form the pyramids on the anterior side of the ____________. |
| | A) | corticobulbar; pons |
| | B) | corticospinal; medulla oblongata |
| | C) | reticulospinal; mesencephalon |
| | D) | tectospinal; tectum |
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| 13 | |
The distortions in sensory and motor ____________ reflect the disproportionate innervation of various body regions. |
| | A) | homunculi |
| | B) | pathways |
| | C) | nuclei |
| | D) | dermatomes |
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| 14 | |
Which one of the following is a higher-order processing center? |
| | A) | Wernicke's area |
| | B) | prefrontal cortex |
| | C) | gnostic area |
| | D) | premotor cortex |
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| 15 | |
Axons of the direct pathway descend through the ____________ in the cerebrum and the ____________ in the mesencephalon. |
| | A) | cerebral nuclei; substantia nigra |
| | B) | cerebral peduncles; reticular formation |
| | C) | internal capsule; cerebellar peduncles |
| | D) | internal capsule; cerebral peduncles |
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| 16 | |
The ____________ influence many of the same motor activities as the primary motor cortex, but they exert their control indirectly, providing patterned background movements. |
| | A) | corticobulbar tracts |
| | B) | corticospinal tracts |
| | C) | cerebral nuclei |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 17 | |
Activity along all of the motor pathways is "fine-tuned" by the ____________, using input from sensory pathways as well as feedback from the motor pathways themselves. |
| | A) | primary motor cortex |
| | B) | cerebral nuclei |
| | C) | cerebellum |
| | D) | medulla oblongata |
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| 18 | |
After a coherent but extraordinarily dull lecture on the reproductive system, an astute student might reasonably (if unrealistically) wonder if the professor suffered from |
| | A) | aphasia |
| | B) | aphrasia |
| | C) | aphrodisia |
| | D) | aprosodia |
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| 19 | |
Which of the following individuals could be expected to have the most extensive communication between the left and right cerebral hemispheres? |
| | A) | a right-handed man |
| | B) | a left-handed man |
| | C) | a right-handed woman |
| | D) | a left-handed woman |
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| 20 | |
Conversion of short-term to long-term memory, called ____________, utilizes the amygdala and the hippocampus, brain structures otherwise involved with ____________. |
| | A) | encoding; emotions and drives |
| | B) | encoding; somatosensory input |
| | C) | association; emotions and drives |
| | D) | association; somatosensory input |
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| 21 | |
After a stroke in her left cerebral hemisphere, Joan recovered fully except for a lingering inability to distinguish emotional nuances, such as bitterness and happiness, in spoken words. From this we can conclude that her left hemisphere is her ____________ hemisphere (and she is probably ____________). |
| | A) | categorical; right-handed |
| | B) | categorical; left-handed |
| | C) | representational; right-handed |
| | D) | representational; left-handed |
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| 22 | |
Which is the most general term for an individual's inability to either recognize or understand the meaning of various stimuli? |
| | A) | amnesia |
| | B) | agnosia |
| | C) | aphasia |
| | D) | dementia |
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| 23 | |
What constitutes a cerebrovascular accident? |
| | A) | blockage of the blood supply to a portion of the brain |
| | B) | damage to the occipital lobe of either hemisphere |
| | C) | trauma to a projection fiber tract in the cerebrum |
| | D) | disrupted function of the reticular activating system |
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| 24 | |
A person who loses consciousness for several hours with no associated pathology and afterward responds to stimulation of the reticular activating system has experienced a period of |
| | A) | syncope |
| | B) | lethargy |
| | C) | sleep |
| | D) | stupor |
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| 25 | |
In the developed world, what is the most common incapacitating condition of progressive CNS deterioration in elderly individuals? |
| | A) | apraxia |
| | B) | encephalitis |
| | C) | Parkinson disease |
| | D) | Alzheimer disease |
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