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| 1 | |
The components of a sensory pathway include |
| | A) | ascending, association, and descending neurons |
| | B) | primary, secondary, and tertiary neurons |
| | C) | spinal cord, brainstem, and cerebrum |
| | D) | spinal nerve, cerebral cortex, and cranial nerve |
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| 2 | |
What are the three major somatosensory pathways? |
| | A) | ascending, association, and descending |
| | B) | primary, secondary, and tertiary |
| | C) | posterior funiculus-medial lemniscal, anterolateral, and spinocerebellar |
| | D) | fasciculus gracilis, anterior spinothalamic, and posterior spinocerebellar |
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| 3 | |
The posterior funiculus-medial lemniscal pathway carries sensory stimuli concerned with |
| | A) | discriminative touch sensations |
| | B) | precise pressure and vibration sensations |
| | C) | proprioceptive information about limb position |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 4 | |
In which tracts do axons ascend the posterior funiculus-medial lemniscal pathway? |
| | A) | fasciculus cuneatus and fasciculus gracilis |
| | B) | anterior and lateral spinothalamic tracts |
| | C) | anterior and posterior spinocerebellar tracts |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 5 | |
Sensory impulses conducted by the anterolateral pathway include |
| | A) | crude touch and pressure |
| | B) | pain and temperature |
| | C) | both of the above |
| | D) | neither of the above |
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| 6 | |
The spinocerebellar pathway consists of |
| | A) | sensory and motor tracts |
| | B) | ascending and descending tracts |
| | C) | anterior and posterior tracts |
| | D) | lateral and medial tracts |
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| 7 | |
The crossing over of an axon from one side of the body to the other is called |
| | A) | ascension |
| | B) | descension |
| | C) | bifurcation |
| | D) | decussation |
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| 8 | |
In somatic motor pathways, the axons of ____________ neurons extend out of the CNS to innervate skeletal muscles. |
| | A) | upper motor |
| | B) | lower motor |
| | C) | primary |
| | D) | tertiary |
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| 9 | |
What are the two main types of somatic motor pathways? |
| | A) | direct and indirect |
| | B) | lateral and medial |
| | C) | corticobulbar and corticospinal |
| | D) | reticulospinal and tectospinal |
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| 10 | |
The ____________ tracts provide only conscious control of skeletal muscles. |
| | A) | corticobulbar and vestibulospinal |
| | B) | corticospinal and reticulospinal |
| | C) | corticobulbar and corticospinal |
| | D) | corticospinal and rubrospinal |
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| 11 | |
Which pathway regulates muscle tone and gross movements of the head, neck, trunk, and proximal limb muscles at an unconscious level? |
| | A) | anterior |
| | B) | posterior |
| | C) | lateral |
| | D) | medial |
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| 12 | |
Motor commands from the superior and inferior colliculi of the mesencephalon are conducted by the |
| | A) | rubrospinal tracts |
| | B) | tectospinal tracts |
| | C) | vestibulospinal tracts |
| | D) | reticulospinal tracts |
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| 13 | |
Which part of the brain unconsciously perceives the state of the body and specifies the exact timing of control signals to different muscles? |
| | A) | brainstem |
| | B) | cerebellum |
| | C) | cerebral cortex |
| | D) | diencephalon |
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| 14 | |
Output from the cerebellum extends through the |
| | A) | pons and spinocerebellar tracts |
| | B) | motor cortex of the cerebrum |
| | C) | cerebellar peduncles |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 15 | |
The most complex unconscious motor patterns are controlled by neurons in the |
| | A) | cerebral nuclei and hypothalamus |
| | B) | mesencephalon |
| | C) | cerebellum |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 16 | |
Swinging the arms while walking is an example of the carefully patterned, unconscious motor activities controlled by the |
| | A) | hypothalamus |
| | B) | cerebellum |
| | C) | cerebral nuclei |
| | D) | cerebral cortex |
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| 17 | |
The highest level of processing and motor control is performed by the |
| | A) | medulla oblongata |
| | B) | cerebral cortex |
| | C) | cerebellum |
| | D) | hypothalamus |
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| 18 | |
Brain growth is 95% complete by the age of |
| | A) | two |
| | B) | five |
| | C) | ten |
| | D) | sixteen |
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| 19 | |
Which of the following is not a characteristic of higher-order mental functions? |
| | A) | occur within the cerebral cortex |
| | B) | may be continually adjusted or modified |
| | C) | involve multiple, interconnected brain regions |
| | D) | involve only conscious information processing |
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| 20 | |
Asymmetrical shapes of the frontal and occipital lobes of the cerebrum are called |
| | A) | petalias |
| | B) | lateralizations |
| | C) | cortical deformities |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 21 | |
Which cortical area gives us the ability to interpret what we read or hear? |
| | A) | Broca's area |
| | B) | primary sensory cortex |
| | C) | Wernicke's area |
| | D) | prefrontal cortex |
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| 22 | |
The left cerebral hemisphere is usually responsible for |
| | A) | analysis of sensory information |
| | B) | relating the body to its sensory environment |
| | C) | language and analytical reasoning |
| | D) | left handedness |
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| 23 | |
In terms of cerebral lateralization, the ____________ hemisphere is concerned with ____________. |
| | A) | representational; language and logical reasoning |
| | B) | representational; visuospatial relationships and analyses |
| | C) | categorical; imagination and insight |
| | D) | categorical; music, artistic skill, and perception of patterns |
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| 24 | |
Cerebral lateralization is highly correlated with |
| | A) | intelligence |
| | B) | dyslexia |
| | C) | coordination |
| | D) | handedness |
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| 25 | |
The left and right cerebral hemispheres communicate with each other through commissures, especially the |
| | A) | corpus callosum |
| | B) | anterior commissure |
| | C) | posterior commissure |
| | D) | gray commissure |
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| 26 | |
Awareness, knowledge, memory, and thinking are all aspects of |
| | A) | consciousness |
| | B) | perception |
| | C) | sensation |
| | D) | cognition |
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| 27 | |
Conversion from short-term to long-term memory is called |
| | A) | entrenching |
| | B) | activating |
| | C) | encoding |
| | D) | associating |
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| 28 | |
The reticular activating system |
| | A) | is the motor component of the reticular formation |
| | B) | helps control respiration, blood pressure, and heart rate |
| | C) | regulates muscle tone, especially when the muscles are at rest |
| | D) | is responsible for maintaining a state of awareness or consciousness |
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| 29 | |
When does aging start to show noticeable effects on the brain and nervous system? |
| | A) | within 5 years after puberty |
| | B) | normally at about age 30 |
| | C) | between the ages of 45 and 50 |
| | D) | usually not until at least age 65 |
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| 30 | |
Aging causes all of the following structural changes in the nervous system except |
| | A) | reduction in number of neurons |
| | B) | reduction in brain size and weight |
| | C) | slight increase in blood flow to the brain |
| | D) | changes in synaptic organization of the brain |
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