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| 1 | |
Which of the following characteristics of the SNS is also true of the ANS? |
| | A) | no peripheral ganglia |
| | B) | single neuron extends from CNS to effector |
| | C) | conducts motor impulses to peripheral effectors |
| | D) | ACh released onto all effectors |
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| 2 | |
Thoracolumbar is to ____________ as craniosacral is to ____________. |
| | A) | rami communicantes; prevertebral ganglia |
| | B) | paravertebral; sympathetic trunk |
| | C) | cholinergic; adrenergic |
| | D) | sympathetic; parasympathetic |
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| 3 | |
Any visceral motor neuron found in the CNS must be |
| | A) | a ganglionic neuron |
| | B) | a preganglionic neuron |
| | C) | a secondary neuron |
| | D) | an upper motor neuron |
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| 4 | |
Which structures are found in both the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the ANS? |
| | A) | cholinergic axons |
| | B) | intramural ganglia |
| | C) | collateral ganglia |
| | D) | pelvic splanchnic nerves |
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| 5 | |
One preganglionic axon synapsing on numerous ganglionic neurons is known as |
| | A) | sympathetic dispersion |
| | B) | parallel outflow |
| | C) | neuronal divergence |
| | D) | neuronal convergence |
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| 6 | |
Released by all somatic motor and parasympathetic axons as well as preganglionic and even some postganglionic sympathetic axons, the most common neurotransmitter is |
| | A) | acetylcholine |
| | B) | norepinephrine |
| | C) | epinephrine |
| | D) | serotonin |
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| 7 | |
The effects of ____________ from the adrenal medulla last longer than those of the same chemical released by typical sympathetic postganglionic axons. |
| | A) | acetylcholine |
| | B) | norepinephrine |
| | C) | epinephrine |
| | D) | serotonin |
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| 8 | |
Which cranial nerves transmit parasympathetic preganglionic axons? |
| | A) | III, IV, and VI |
| | B) | VI, VII, X, and XI |
| | C) | IV, IX, XI, and XII |
| | D) | III, VII, IX, and X |
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| 9 | |
A tumor in a prevertebral ganglion could alter the function of the |
| | A) | heart and lungs |
| | B) | digestive, urinary, or sex organs |
| | C) | intrinsic eye muscles |
| | D) | sweat glands or arrector pili muscles |
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| 10 | |
Which of the following is not a sympathetic ganglion? |
| | A) | inferior mesenteric |
| | B) | superior mesenteric |
| | C) | pterygopalatine |
| | D) | celiac |
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| 11 | |
Sympathetic preganglionic axons serving the abdominopelvic viscera synapse in separate, unpaired |
| | A) | paravertebral ganglia |
| | B) | prevertebral ganglia |
| | C) | autonomic plexuses |
| | D) | intramural ganglia |
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| 12 | |
Paravertebral and ____________ are to sympathetic as terminal and ____________ are to parasympathetic. |
| | A) | sympathetic trunk; prevertebral |
| | B) | prevertebral; collateral |
| | C) | collateral; intramural |
| | D) | chain; prevertebral |
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| 13 | |
The adrenal medulla pathway is very unusual in that ____________ axons directly innervate the effector organ. |
| | A) | parasympathetic preganglionic |
| | B) | parasympathetic postganglionic |
| | C) | sympathetic preganglionic |
| | D) | sympathetic postganglionic |
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| 14 | |
Neurons originating in the sympathetic trunk ganglia project to their effectors via |
| | A) | spinal nerves and postganglionic sympathetic nerves |
| | B) | pelvic splanchnic nerves and white rami communicantes |
| | C) | thoracic and lumbar splanchnic nerves |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 15 | |
Which statement about rami communicantes is false? |
| | A) | white rami contain myelinated, preganglionic axons |
| | B) | gray rami contain unmyelinated, postganglionic axons |
| | C) | more spinal nerves have gray rami than white rami |
| | D) | both ANS divisions contain rami communicantes |
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| 16 | |
Parasympathetic stimulation is typically |
| | A) | prolonged and widely distributed |
| | B) | brief but widely distributed |
| | C) | brief and restricted to specific sites |
| | D) | prolonged but restricted to specific sites |
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| 17 | |
In both divisions of the ANS, ____________ axons release the neurotransmitter ____________. |
| | A) | cholinergic; norepinephrine |
| | B) | cholinergic; acetylcholine |
| | C) | adrenergic; norepinephrine |
| | D) | adrenergic; acetylcholine |
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| 18 | |
Although there are sympathetic synapses of both types, parasympathetic synapses are always ____________, never ____________. |
| | A) | electrical; chemical |
| | B) | chemical; electrical |
| | C) | adrenergic; cholinergic |
| | D) | cholinergic; adrenergic |
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| 19 | |
In the abdominal cavity, the ____________ consists of the celiac plexus, superior mesenteric plexus, and inferior mesenteric plexus. |
| | A) | myenteric plexus |
| | B) | lumbosacral plexus |
| | C) | abdominal aortic plexus |
| | D) | hypogastric plexus |
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| 20 | |
The components of the abdominal aortic plexus are named with the same adjectives as the corresponding |
| | A) | prevertebral ganglia and arteries |
| | B) | chain ganglia and lymphatic vessels |
| | C) | splanchnic nerves |
| | D) | postganglionic sympathetic nerves |
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| 21 | |
In the sympathetic division, the ____________ ganglia are paired, but the ____________ ganglia are not. |
| | A) | terminal; intramural |
| | B) | intramural; terminal |
| | C) | prevertebral; sympathetic trunk |
| | D) | sympathetic trunk; prevertebral |
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| 22 | |
The various ____________ are composed mostly of ____________ axons, although from different divisions of the ANS. |
| | A) | splanchnic nerves; postganglionic |
| | B) | splanchnic nerves; preganglionic |
| | C) | autonomic plexuses; postganglionic |
| | D) | autonomic plexuses; preganglionic |
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| 23 | |
Axons from which autonomic plexus innervate digestive, urinary, and reproductive organs of the pelvic cavity? |
| | A) | celiac |
| | B) | superior mesenteric |
| | C) | inferior mesenteric |
| | D) | hypogastric |
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| 24 | |
Upon entering the abdominopelvic cavity, parasympathetic preganglionic axons of the vagus nerve join which plexus? |
| | A) | celiac |
| | B) | cardiac |
| | C) | esophageal |
| | D) | hypogastric |
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| 25 | |
All of the following structures develop from embryonic neural crest cells except |
| | A) | ganglionic neurons |
| | B) | gray rami communicantes |
| | C) | white rami communicantes |
| | D) | adrenal medullae |
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