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| 1 | |
All of the following are effectors innervated by the ANS except |
| | A) | smooth muscle fibers |
| | B) | cardiac muscle fibers |
| | C) | skeletal muscle fibers |
| | D) | glands |
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| 2 | |
The cell bodies of ganglionic neurons are located in ____________ outside the CNS. |
| | A) | autonomic ganglia |
| | B) | posterior root ganglia |
| | C) | autonomic plexuses |
| | D) | visceral motor nuclei |
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| 3 | |
The axon of a ganglionic neuron is called a |
| | A) | ganglionic axon |
| | B) | preganglionic axon |
| | C) | postganglionic axon |
| | D) | somatic motor axon |
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| 4 | |
The ____________ division innervates visceral organs and tissues throughout the body, while the ____________ division innervates only visceral structures served by cranial nerves or lying in the abdominopelvic cavity. |
| | A) | parasympathetic, sympathetic |
| | B) | sympathetic, parasympathetic |
| | C) | visceral sensory, visceral motor |
| | D) | preganglionic, postganglionic |
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| 5 | |
The ____________ division's conservation of energy and promotion of sedentary activities, such as digestion, are reflected in its common nickname. |
| | A) | thoracolumbar |
| | B) | sympathetic |
| | C) | parasympathetic |
| | D) | visceral motor |
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| 6 | |
The craniosacral division of the autonomic nervous system |
| | A) | has preganglionic axons originating from the brain and sacral spinal cord |
| | B) | has preganglionic axons synapsing in terminal or intramural ganglia |
| | C) | is also called the parasympathetic division of the ANS |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 7 | |
Effects of stimulation by the parasympathetic division are more ____________ than those of the sympathetic division. |
| | A) | discrete and localized |
| | B) | divergent and widespread |
| | C) | rapid and intense |
| | D) | excitatory and long-lasting |
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| 8 | |
Which one of the following characterizes the parasympathetic division? |
| | A) | preganglionic neurons originating in spinal segments T1-L2 |
| | B) | ganglia located near the vertebral column and descending aorta |
| | C) | long preganglionic axons and short postganglionic axons |
| | D) | gray rami communicantes attached to all spinal nerves |
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| 9 | |
Parasympathetic ganglia located within the wall of a target organ are called |
| | A) | collateral ganglia |
| | B) | paravertebral ganglia |
| | C) | terminal ganglia |
| | D) | intramural ganglia |
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| 10 | |
Nearly 80% of all parasympathetic preganglionic axons are transmitted through which cranial nerve? |
| | A) | oculomotor |
| | B) | facial |
| | C) | glossopharyngeal |
| | D) | vagus |
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| 11 | |
Parasympathetic preganglionic axons arising from the spinal cord form |
| | A) | thoracic splanchnic nerves |
| | B) | pelvic splanchnic nerves |
| | C) | lumbar splanchnic nerves |
| | D) | sacral splanchnic nerves |
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| 12 | |
All of the following are innervated by the parasympathetic division except |
| | A) | blood vessels, sweat glands, and arrector pili muscles |
| | B) | pupillary constrictor muscle of the eye |
| | C) | lacrimal glands and glands of the nasal cavity |
| | D) | most abdominal and all pelvic viscera |
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| 13 | |
Because of the location of its preganglionic neuron cell bodies, the sympathetic division is also called the ____________ division. |
| | A) | prevertebral |
| | B) | paravertebral |
| | C) | craniosacral |
| | D) | thoracolumbar |
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| 14 | |
Which of the following does not describe the sympathetic division of the ANS? |
| | A) | preganglionic axons leave the thoracic and upper lumbar spinal segments |
| | B) | nicknamed the "rest-and-digest" division |
| | C) | preganglionic axons synapse in ganglia near the spinal cord |
| | D) | also called the "fight-or-flight" division |
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| 15 | |
What are the two types of sympathetic ganglia? |
| | A) | terminal and intramural |
| | B) | sympathetic trunk and prevertebral |
| | C) | prevertebral and collateral |
| | D) | paravertebral and terminal |
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| 16 | |
Every spinal nerve receives a ____________ ramus that carries postganglionic axons from a ganglion of the sympathetic trunk. |
| | A) | gray |
| | B) | white |
| | C) | posterior |
| | D) | anterior |
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| 17 | |
Preganglionic axons enter the nearby sympathetic trunk ganglia by way of |
| | A) | autonomic nerves |
| | B) | posterior roots |
| | C) | white rami |
| | D) | gray rami |
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| 18 | |
Organs in the thoracic cavity, such as the heart and lungs, are innervated by |
| | A) | thoracic spinal nerves |
| | B) | postganglionic sympathetic nerves |
| | C) | thoracic splanchnic nerves |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 19 | |
Sympathetic preganglionic axons that do not synapse in a sympathetic trunk ganglion form |
| | A) | splanchnic nerves |
| | B) | autonomic plexuses |
| | C) | gray rami communicantes |
| | D) | intercostal nerves |
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| 20 | |
Postganglionic axons from the prevertebral ganglia innervate which of the following? |
| | A) | glands and smooth muscle tissue in organs of the head and neck |
| | B) | the heart, lungs, and other thoracic viscera |
| | C) | most of the organs in the abdominopelvic cavity |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 21 | |
Sympathetic pathways include all of the following except the |
| | A) | spinal nerve pathway |
| | B) | anterior pituitary pathway |
| | C) | adrenal medulla pathway |
| | D) | postganglionic sympathetic nerve pathway |
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| 22 | |
During a crisis, the rapid stimulation of many sympathetic neurons produces the phenomenon called |
| | A) | diffuse agitation |
| | B) | sympathetic synergy |
| | C) | simultaneous outflux |
| | D) | mass activation |
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| 23 | |
In autonomic plexuses, sympathetic ____________ axons mingle (but do not synapse or interact) with parasympathetic ____________ axons. |
| | A) | preganglionic; postganglionic |
| | B) | postganglionic; preganglionic |
| | C) | postganglionic; postganglionic |
| | D) | preganglionic; preganglionic |
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| 24 | |
Which neurotransmitter is released by all preganglionic axons? |
| | A) | norepinephrine |
| | B) | epinephrine |
| | C) | acetylcholine |
| | D) | adrenaline |
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| 25 | |
Which neurotransmitter is released by most sympathetic postganglionic axons? |
| | A) | norepinephrine |
| | B) | epinephrine |
| | C) | acetylcholine |
| | D) | dopamine |
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| 26 | |
Axons that release norepinephrine onto their effectors are called |
| | A) | excitatory |
| | B) | inhibitory |
| | C) | cholinergic |
| | D) | adrenergic |
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| 27 | |
Which structure secretes hormones that potentiate (prolong) the effects of sympathetic stimulation? |
| | A) | adrenal cortex |
| | B) | adrenal medulla |
| | C) | anterior pituitary |
| | D) | posterior pituitary |
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| 28 | |
Organs with both sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve supply are said to have |
| | A) | dual innervation |
| | B) | dysautonomia |
| | C) | coordinated function |
| | D) | autonomic bivalence |
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| 29 | |
In organs innervated by postganglionic axons from both ANS divisions, the actions of the two typically have what kind of effects? |
| | A) | complementary |
| | B) | inhibitory |
| | C) | antagonistic |
| | D) | cooperative |
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| 30 | |
The integration and command center for autonomic functions is the |
| | A) | cerebral cortex |
| | B) | hypothalamus |
| | C) | brainstem |
| | D) | spinal cord |
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