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| 1 | |
Of the following, the only structures that cannot be sensory receptors are |
| | A) | rods and cones |
| | B) | hair cells |
| | C) | dendrites |
| | D) | axons |
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| 2 | |
What is the most inclusive name for sensory receptors that detect only changes in stimuli? |
| | A) | interoceptors |
| | B) | exteroceptors |
| | C) | phasic receptors |
| | D) | tonic receptors |
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| 3 | |
"Tuning out" background sounds while you study is possible because of a sensory phenomenon called |
| | A) | paraconsciousness |
| | B) | selective receptivity |
| | C) | concentration |
| | D) | adaptation |
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| 4 | |
Relative to those on the back, the much smaller ____________ on the tongue allow a person to localize a tactile stimulus in that location with vastly more precision. |
| | A) | receptive fields |
| | B) | sensory neurons |
| | C) | tactile receptors |
| | D) | both b and c |
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| 5 | |
Perceptions triggered by cardiac nociceptors that seem instead to arise along the T1-T5 dermatomes are an example of |
| | A) | cardiac myopathy |
| | B) | referred pain |
| | C) | sensorineural confusion |
| | D) | phantom pain |
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| 6 | |
Which description is incorrect regarding chemoreceptors? |
| | A) | detect specific molecules |
| | B) | may be either interoceptors or exteroceptors |
| | C) | occur in the mouth, nose, and some blood vessels |
| | D) | are always visceral sensory receptors |
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| 7 | |
Which class of receptors can respond to extreme stimulating agents otherwise detected by all the other classes? |
| | A) | baroreceptors |
| | B) | nociceptors |
| | C) | thermoreceptors |
| | D) | mechanoreceptors |
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| 8 | |
Which group includes only tactile receptors? |
| | A) | lamellated, Ruffini, and tactile corpuscles and Krause bulbs |
| | B) | free nerve endings, Ruffini corpuscles, and gustatory cells |
| | C) | tactile discs, olfactory receptor cells, and lamellated corpuscles |
| | D) | root hair plexuses, cones, tactile discs, and tactile corpuscles |
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| 9 | |
Which set includes only receptors that respond to mechanical stimuli? |
| | A) | tactile corpuscles, lamellated corpuscles, gustatory cells |
| | B) | tactile discs, Ruffini corpuscles, free nerve endings |
| | C) | tactile receptors, baroreceptors, proprioceptors |
| | D) | thermoreceptors, nociceptors, proprioceptors |
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| 10 | |
Which receptors are most directly involved in regulating both blood pressure and urinary function? |
| | A) | proprioceptors |
| | B) | tactile receptors |
| | C) | baroreceptors |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 11 | |
Gustatory information conducted by cranial nerves VII and IX first projects to the ____________ in the ____________ before ascending to the hypothalamus, amygdala, thalamus, and cerebral cortex. |
| | A) | nucleus cuneatus, medulla oblongata |
| | B) | nucleus solitarius, medulla oblongata |
| | C) | substantia nigra, mesencephalon |
| | D) | mammillary bodies, diencephalon |
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| 12 | |
Of the five basic taste sensations, ____________ tastes are caused by metal ions; ____________, by hydrogen ions; and ____________, by amino acids. |
| | A) | salty; sour; umami |
| | B) | sour; sweet; bitter |
| | C) | bitter; sour; sweet |
| | D) | sweet; umami; salty |
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| 13 | |
Despite their structural uniformity, ____________ facilitate the recognition of at least 10 times as many primary sensations as do gustatory receptors, as well as many thousands of other chemical stimuli. |
| | A) | rods |
| | B) | cones |
| | C) | olfactory neurons |
| | D) | hair cells |
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| 14 | |
In adults, ____________ are one of the few types of neurons that are replaced mitotically. |
| | A) | bipolar cells of the retina |
| | B) | olfactory receptor cells |
| | C) | proprioceptors in joint capsules |
| | D) | gustatory receptors |
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| 15 | |
In terms of chemical composition, perilymph resembles ____________, whereas endolymph is more like ____________. |
| | A) | intracellular fluid; vitreous humor |
| | B) | interstitial fluid; cytosol |
| | C) | mucus; extracellular fluid |
| | D) | aqueous humor; cerebrospinal fluid |
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| 16 | |
Crista ampullaris is to ampulla as macula is to |
| | A) | scala media |
| | B) | vestibular complex |
| | C) | perilymph and endolymph |
| | D) | utricle and saccule |
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| 17 | |
Although a normal reflex when rapidly oscillating one's head, jerky eye movements when the head is stationary indicate the pathologic condition called |
| | A) | presbycusis |
| | B) | tinnitus |
| | C) | nystagmus |
| | D) | otitis media |
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| 18 | |
An equilibrium disturbance accompanied by vertigo, nausea, and hearing loss (among other symptoms), caused by a buildup of endolymph, is called |
| | A) | tinnitus |
| | B) | otosclerosis |
| | C) | Meniere disease |
| | D) | otitis externa |
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| 19 | |
Otosclerosis could be expected to produce which of the following conditions? |
| | A) | conduction deafness |
| | B) | sensorineural deafness |
| | C) | tinnitus |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 20 | |
The fovea centralis of the retina most directly affects one's ability to |
| | A) | perceive light and dark |
| | B) | distinguish color |
| | C) | see fine details |
| | D) | both b and c |
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| 21 | |
The partial decussation of optic nerve axons at the optic chiasm causes |
| | A) | visual input from both eyes to reach the visual cortex in each hemisphere |
| | B) | a distinct blind spot encircling the optic disc medial to the macula lutea |
| | C) | inversion of the image before it is relayed to the lateral geniculate nuclei |
| | D) | dramatically different images to be perceived from the right and left eyes |
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| 22 | |
Aqueous humor is similar to ____________ in its composition as well as in the way it forms and its ultimate return to the venous circulation. |
| | A) | cerebrospinal fluid |
| | B) | vitreous humor |
| | C) | endolymph |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 23 | |
Failure of aqueous humor to reach the scleral venous sinus causes ____________, a condition analogous to ____________. |
| | A) | keratitis; conjunctivitis |
| | B) | keratitis; macular degeneration |
| | C) | glaucoma; hydrocephalus |
| | D) | glaucoma; detached retina |
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| 24 | |
____________, or opaque lenses, can make a person functionally blind despite having healthy photoreceptors and visual pathways. |
| | A) | macular degeneration |
| | B) | cataracts |
| | C) | phacoemulsification |
| | D) | glaucoma |
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| 25 | |
What is trachoma? |
| | A) | increased intraocular pressure that can lead to diminished vision |
| | B) | a separation of the outer pigmented and inner neural layers of the retina |
| | C) | a chronic, contagious form of "pink eye" that can cause blindness |
| | D) | inflammation of the conjunctiva in response to airborne irritants |
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