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| 1 | |
The plasma membrane is effective in isolating the cytoplasm from the extracellular fluid primarily because |
| | A) | peripheral proteins are attached to the inner or outer membrane surface |
| | B) | integral proteins form channels that let water pass in and out of the cell |
| | C) | the lipid "tails" in the phospholipid bilayer form a sheet that repels water |
| | D) | the rigid composition of the plasma membrane forms a waterproof barrier |
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| 2 | |
Of all the passive processes, the only one that does not require a concentration gradient is |
| | A) | diffusion |
| | B) | osmosis |
| | C) | bulk filtration |
| | D) | facilitated diffusion |
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| 3 | |
A transport or carrier protein |
| | A) | spans the plasma membrane completely and is thus a transmembrane protein |
| | B) | has an internal hydrophobic region and hydrophilic regions at both ends |
| | C) | may use energy from ATP to help a particular substance cross the plasmalemma |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 4 | |
What must happen when a concentration gradient is eliminated? |
| | A) | molecular motion ceases |
| | B) | active transport begins |
| | C) | diffusion and osmosis stop |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 5 | |
Which one of the following processes can only occur in a living cell? |
| | A) | diffusion |
| | B) | osmosis |
| | C) | bulk filtration |
| | D) | endocytosis |
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| 6 | |
All of the following are directly associated, at least in part, with the lipid components of the plasma membrane except |
| | A) | molecular bilayer framework |
| | B) | cholesterol molecules |
| | C) | catalytic enzymes |
| | D) | glycocalyx |
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| 7 | |
A higher concentration of sodium ions in extracellular fluid versus cytosol is most likely maintained by |
| | A) | blocking any passage of sodium through the plasma membrane |
| | B) | actively transporting sodium ions out of the cell |
| | C) | overcrowding the cytosol with potassium ions |
| | D) | none of the above |
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| 8 | |
Which of the following lists only non-membrane-bound organelles? |
| | A) | microvilli, ribosomes, centrioles, mitochondria, cytoskeleton |
| | B) | cytoskeleton, microvilli, centrioles, cilia, flagellum, ribosomes |
| | C) | microvilli, cytoskeleton, cilia, lysosomes, nucleus, ribosomes |
| | D) | cytoskeleton, endoplasmic reticulum, centrioles, nucleus, cilia, ribosomes |
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| 9 | |
Which of the following lists only membrane-bound organelles? |
| | A) | microtubules, nucleus, lysosomes, ribosomes, mitochondria, cilia |
| | B) | lysosomes, ribosomes, peroxisomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus |
| | C) | endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, lysosomes, peroxisomes |
| | D) | mitochondria, cilia, centrioles, Golgi apparatus, endoplasmic reticulum, nucleus |
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| 10 | |
Which one of the following organelles occurs in the fewest types of human cells? |
| | A) | nucleus |
| | B) | microtubule |
| | C) | flagellum |
| | D) | rough ER |
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| 11 | |
Which of the following organelles are found in all living cells of the human body? |
| | A) | nuclei |
| | B) | nucleoli |
| | C) | microvilli |
| | D) | microtubule |
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| 12 | |
The nucleus (and more specifically, the genes it contains) most directly controls all of the cell's activities by |
| | A) | controlling cell division |
| | B) | regulating protein synthesis |
| | C) | synthesizing DNA and RNA |
| | D) | coordinating intracellular communication |
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| 13 | |
Of the following, which organelle participates most directly in mitosis? |
| | A) | smooth endoplasmic reticulum |
| | B) | ribosome |
| | C) | centriole |
| | D) | nucleolus |
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| 14 | |
Which series progresses from the thinnest to the thickest in diameter? |
| | A) | DNA > histone > chromosome > nucleosome |
| | B) | histone > chromosome > DNA > nucleosome |
| | C) | nucleosome > histone > DNA > chromosome |
| | D) | DNA > histone > nucleosome > chromosome |
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| 15 | |
Although often described as somatic cell division, ____________ is actually division of the nucleus. |
| | A) | meiosis |
| | B) | mitosis |
| | C) | cytokinesis |
| | D) | interphase |
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| 16 | |
Mitosis plays a role in all of the following processes except |
| | A) | tissue growth and repair |
| | B) | replacement of old or dying cells |
| | C) | sex cell production |
| | D) | embryo formation |
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| 17 | |
In an adult, which of the following usually have the longest G0 phase? |
| | A) | blood cells |
| | B) | nerve cells |
| | C) | epithelial skin cells |
| | D) | the G0 phase is the same length in all of these |
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| 18 | |
The longest part of a mature muscle cell's life cycle is |
| | A) | the G2 phase |
| | B) | the S phase |
| | C) | interphase |
| | D) | mitosis |
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| 19 | |
During which stages of mitosis does a typical cell contain twice its normal number of chromosomes? (1) prophase (2) metaphase (3) anaphase (4) telophase |
| | A) | 1 and 2 |
| | B) | 2 and 3 |
| | C) | 3 and 4 |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 20 | |
Which of the following organelles might function during or even after apoptosis of the cell that contains them? |
| | A) | centrioles |
| | B) | Golgi apparatus |
| | C) | rough endoplasmic reticulum |
| | D) | lysosomes |
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| 21 | |
Which property of cancer cells most directly contributes to metastasis? |
| | A) | invasiveness |
| | B) | dedifferentiation |
| | C) | production of angiogenesis factors |
| | D) | loss of contact inhibition |
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| 22 | |
____________ is caused by a genetic defect in mitochondrial rather than nuclear DNA. |
| | A) | cystic fibrosis |
| | B) | MELAS syndrome |
| | C) | adrenoleukodystrophy |
| | D) | Tay-Sachs disease |
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| 23 | |
If organelles can proliferate in response to increased demand, then one could expect to find far more ____________ in the liver cells of an alcoholic than in a nondrinker. |
| | A) | rough ER |
| | B) | smooth ER |
| | C) | mitochondria |
| | D) | lysosomes |
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| 24 | |
Which of the following cellular changes would generally be indicative of cancer? |
| | A) | anaplasia |
| | B) | hyperplasia |
| | C) | hypertrophy |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 25 | |
To destroy bacteria in the interstitial fluid, leukocytes would most likely employ the process of |
| | A) | receptor-mediated endocytosis |
| | B) | pinocytosis |
| | C) | bulk filtration |
| | D) | phagocytosis |
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