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| 1 | |
The regulation of the blood glucose level in the body is an example of |
| | A) | a hormonally regulated homeostatic mechanism |
| | B) | a negative feedback loop |
| | C) | endocrine control of digestive functions |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 2 | |
Regulatory hormones that stimulate or inhibit anterior pituitary secretions reach their target cells by passing through the |
| | A) | infundibular stalk |
| | B) | hypothalamo-hypophyseal tract |
| | C) | hypothalamo-hypophyseal portal system |
| | D) | anterior hypophyseal veins |
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| 3 | |
Each of the two ____________ secreted by the anterior pituitary is chemically identical in both sexes but produces very different, though homologous, effects. |
| | A) | corticotropins |
| | B) | thyrotropins |
| | C) | somatotropins |
| | D) | gonadotropins |
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| 4 | |
What is the only anterior pituitary hormone secreted by the pars intermedia, and the only one not considered a tropic hormone? |
| | A) | melanocyte-stimulating hormone |
| | B) | growth hormone |
| | C) | thyroid-stimulating hormone |
| | D) | prolactin |
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| 5 | |
Which hormone has known target cells in one sex only? |
| | A) | follicle-stimulating hormone |
| | B) | prolactin |
| | C) | testosterone |
| | D) | oxytocin |
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| 6 | |
Which pituitary hormone affects the greatest number of target cells? |
| | A) | adrenocorticotropic hormone |
| | B) | antidiuretic hormone |
| | C) | growth hormone |
| | D) | luteinizing hormone |
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| 7 | |
Two hormones from the hypothalamus that stimulate smooth muscle contraction (among other effects) are stored in the |
| | A) | median eminence |
| | B) | infundibulum |
| | C) | anterior pituitary |
| | D) | posterior pituitary |
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| 8 | |
Most pituitary tumors cause vision problems because |
| | A) | the optic chiasm is essentially draped around the anterior pituitary |
| | B) | enlargement of the pituitary creates pressure on the superior colliculi |
| | C) | excessive tropic hormones cause distortions in the lens of the eye |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 9 | |
Released without any hypothalamic input, ____________ acts antagonistically to the effects of calcitonin. |
| | A) | thyroid hormone |
| | B) | melatonin |
| | C) | parathyroid hormone |
| | D) | epinephrine |
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| 10 | |
Which endocrine organs are alike in having two distinct parts, one of neural origin and the other of glandular epithelium? |
| | A) | pituitary and adrenal glands |
| | B) | thymus and thyroid gland |
| | C) | pineal gland and pancreas |
| | D) | thyroid and parathyroid glands |
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| 11 | |
Graves disease has all the symptoms of hyperthyroidism, plus |
| | A) | goiter |
| | B) | exophthalmos |
| | C) | lethargy |
| | D) | photophobia |
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| 12 | |
What obvious thyroid disorder results from the collapse of negative feedback control in the production of TSH, often because of dietary iodine deficiency? |
| | A) | goiter |
| | B) | hyperthyroidism |
| | C) | hypothyroidism |
| | D) | myxedema |
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| 13 | |
Glycosuria, high blood glucose, and impaired glucose utilization are symptomatic of the hyposecretion of which hormone? |
| | A) | glucagon |
| | B) | thyroxine |
| | C) | growth hormone |
| | D) | insulin |
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| 14 | |
Hyposecretion of glucocorticoids may result in ____________, while hypersecretion results in ____________. |
| | A) | hypoparathyroidism, hyperparathyroidism |
| | B) | myxedema, Graves disease |
| | C) | Addison disease, Cushing syndrome |
| | D) | thyrotoxicosis, androgenital syndrome |
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| 15 | |
What is the general effect of hormones produced from thyroglobulin? |
| | A) | elevated levels of blood calcium |
| | B) | reduced blood calcium levels |
| | C) | increased cellular metabolism |
| | D) | decreased cellular metabolism |
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| 16 | |
The pancreatic islets produce hormones that |
| | A) | raise blood glucose levels |
| | B) | lower blood glucose levels |
| | C) | inhibit control of blood glucose |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 17 | |
Parathyroid hormone is to calcitonin as ADH is to |
| | A) | thyroid hormone |
| | B) | atriopeptin |
| | C) | glucagon |
| | D) | calcitriol |
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| 18 | |
The group of complementary hormones called ____________ links the endocrine and lymphatic systems. |
| | A) | thymosins |
| | B) | regulatory hormones |
| | C) | tropic hormones |
| | D) | androgens |
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| 19 | |
Endocrine organs are derived, in part, from |
| | A) | neuroectoderm of the neural crest |
| | B) | intermediate mesoderm of the urogenital ridge |
| | C) | endodermal tissue of the developing tongue |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 20 | |
Gigantism and acromegaly are overproduction syndromes of |
| | A) | cholecystokinin and secretin |
| | B) | growth hormone |
| | C) | sex hormones |
| | D) | somatostatin |
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| 21 | |
One of the two hormones secreted by the adrenal medulla, ____________ is also the neurotransmitter released at adrenergic synapses of the ANS. |
| | A) | adrenaline |
| | B) | epinephrine |
| | C) | norepinephrine |
| | D) | acetylcholine |
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| 22 | |
In the heterocrine gland with acini and islets, delta is to somatostatin as beta is to |
| | A) | insulin |
| | B) | glucagon |
| | C) | growth hormone-inhibiting hormone |
| | D) | pancreatic polypeptide |
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| 23 | |
Hypersecretion of which hormone could be expected to produce hypocalcemia? |
| | A) | parathyroid hormone |
| | B) | aldosterone |
| | C) | calcitonin |
| | D) | calcitriol |
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| 24 | |
Potentially lethal hyperkalemia (excessive blood potassium levels) and hyponatremia (abnormally low blood sodium) could both result from hyposecretion of |
| | A) | pancreatic polypeptide |
| | B) | antidiuretic hormone |
| | C) | atriopeptin |
| | D) | aldosterone |
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| 25 | |
A pheochromocytoma is a benign tumor that arises from the ____________ cells in the adrenal medulla, although its effects on the body may be anything but "benign." |
| | A) | chief |
| | B) | chromaffin |
| | C) | parafollicular |
| | D) | somatotropic |
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