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| 1 | |
Although different in many ways, the endocrine and nervous systems often work together to bring about |
| | A) | neurotransmitter release |
| | B) | homeostasis |
| | C) | rapid reactions |
| | D) | metabolic changes |
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| 2 | |
The word root hormao, as used in "hormone," most nearly means |
| | A) | blood borne |
| | B) | a message |
| | C) | to rouse |
| | D) | to nourish |
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| 3 | |
Which adjective describes cells that can respond to a given hormone, as well as the organs that contain them? |
| | A) | receptor |
| | B) | sensitized |
| | C) | responsive |
| | D) | target |
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| 4 | |
Each cell's sensitivity to a hormone is determined by the presence or absence of the necessary ____________ on the cell surface or in the cytoplasm. |
| | A) | trigger |
| | B) | cytokine |
| | C) | receptor |
| | D) | attractant |
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| 5 | |
Hormonal effects that persist for days or weeks make the endocrine system particularly effective in |
| | A) | responding to localized needs of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems |
| | B) | producing widespread, gradual effects such as growth and development |
| | C) | conveying information to the CNS and to muscle and gland cells |
| | D) | making immediate adjustments in response to ambient conditions |
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| 6 | |
Which one of the following does not characterize the endocrine system? |
| | A) | short-term responses that terminate with removal of stimuli |
| | B) | relatively slow reaction times (seconds to minutes to hours) |
| | C) | typically widespread, general effects throughout the body |
| | D) | slow return to pre-stimulation levels of activity |
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| 7 | |
Based on chemical structure, hormones are classified as |
| | A) | biogenic amines, carbide hormones, and protein hormones |
| | B) | peptide derivatives, carboxylic acid derivatives, and proteins |
| | C) | carboxylic acid derivatives, biogenic amines, and proteins |
| | D) | peptide hormones, steroid hormones, and biogenic amines |
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| 8 | |
Most of our body's hormones are |
| | A) | biogenic amines |
| | B) | steroid hormones |
| | C) | peptide hormones |
| | D) | protein hormones |
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| 9 | |
Regulatory hormones from the hypothalamus directly influence the ____________ gland's secretory activity. |
| | A) | pineal |
| | B) | thyroid |
| | C) | posterior pituitary |
| | D) | anterior pituitary |
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| 10 | |
Which of the following is not an anterior pituitary hormone? |
| | A) | growth hormone |
| | B) | melatonin |
| | C) | prolactin |
| | D) | adrenocorticotropic hormone |
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| 11 | |
What are the two gonadotropins secreted by the anterior pituitary? |
| | A) | GH and PRL |
| | B) | TSH and ACTH |
| | C) | FSH and LH |
| | D) | MSH and OT |
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| 12 | |
The hypothalamus transports two hormones to the ____________ for storage and subsequent release. |
| | A) | posterior pituitary |
| | B) | anterior pituitary |
| | C) | paraventricular nucleus |
| | D) | supraoptic nucleus |
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| 13 | |
Which hormone stimulates milk ejection from the mammary glands by means of a positive feedback loop? |
| | A) | secretin |
| | B) | estrogen |
| | C) | prolactin |
| | D) | oxytocin |
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| 14 | |
All of the following are true of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) except |
| | A) | released when body is dehydrated |
| | B) | increases water retention from kidney tubules |
| | C) | causes dilation of peripheral blood vessels |
| | D) | results in increased blood pressure |
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| 15 | |
Triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) are the two forms of which hormone? |
| | A) | parathyroid hormone |
| | B) | thymosin |
| | C) | calcitonin |
| | D) | thyroid hormone |
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| 16 | |
Which hormone, produced by the thyroid gland's parafollicular cells, stimulates osteoblast activity and inhibits osteoclast activity? |
| | A) | thyroxine |
| | B) | calcitonin |
| | C) | thyroglobulin |
| | D) | thymosin |
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| 17 | |
Ultimately, hormonal secretion by the ____________ raises calcium levels in the blood. |
| | A) | parathyroid glands |
| | B) | thyroid gland |
| | C) | pineal gland |
| | D) | adrenal medulla |
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| 18 | |
The adrenal cortex has a distinctive yellow color because |
| | A) | it has a very limited blood supply and therefore lacks hemoglobin |
| | B) | its thick capsule is rich in yellowish elastic fibers |
| | C) | its cells store lipids used in producing steroid hormones |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 19 | |
The ____________ from the adrenal cortex are vital hormones; if the glands cannot function, these hormones must be supplemented throughout life. |
| | A) | tropic hormones |
| | B) | inhibiting hormones |
| | C) | gonadocorticoids |
| | D) | corticosteroids |
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| 20 | |
Which hormones of the adrenal cortex stimulate metabolism of lipids and proteins, and help regulate blood sugar levels? |
| | A) | mineralocorticoids |
| | B) | glucocorticoids |
| | C) | gonadocorticoids |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 21 | |
The principal mineralocorticoid, which regulates the ratio of sodium and potassium ions in body fluids, is |
| | A) | aldosterone |
| | B) | corticosterone |
| | C) | cortisol |
| | D) | somatostatin |
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| 22 | |
Although an endocrine structure, the ____________ is essentially a modified sympathetic ganglion. |
| | A) | thymus |
| | B) | pancreas |
| | C) | adrenal cortex |
| | D) | adrenal medulla |
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| 23 | |
Which of the following correctly pairs a pancreatic islet cell with the hormone it secretes? |
| | A) | alpha cell, insulin |
| | B) | beta cell, pancreatic polypeptide |
| | C) | delta cell, somatostatin |
| | D) | F cell, glucagon |
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| 24 | |
Which pancreatic hormone raises blood glucose levels? |
| | A) | insulin |
| | B) | glucagon |
| | C) | somatostatin |
| | D) | pancreatic polypeptide |
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| 25 | |
Which endocrine gland is attached to the posterior region of the epithalamus? |
| | A) | pineal gland |
| | B) | parathyroid gland |
| | C) | anterior pituitary |
| | D) | posterior pituitary |
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| 26 | |
Which endocrine organ is located in the mediastinum superior to the heart, just posterior to the sternum, and diminishes in size with age? |
| | A) | thyroid gland |
| | B) | thymus |
| | C) | pineal gland |
| | D) | adrenal gland |
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| 27 | |
Which of the following is a kidney hormone that accelerates red blood cell production and maturation? |
| | A) | angiotensin II |
| | B) | renin |
| | C) | erythropoietin |
| | D) | calcitriol |
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| 28 | |
The enzyme released by kidney cells that affects angiotensinogen is |
| | A) | renin |
| | B) | erythropoietin |
| | C) | calcitriol |
| | D) | inhibin |
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| 29 | |
Which hormone is secreted by modified cardiac muscle cells in response to excessive stretch in the heart wall? |
| | A) | angiotensinogen |
| | B) | angiotensin I |
| | C) | vasopressin |
| | D) | atriopeptin |
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| 30 | |
The testes produce male sex hormones called ____________, many of which are converted into testosterone. |
| | A) | estrogens |
| | B) | androgens |
| | C) | inhibins |
| | D) | gonadocorticoids |
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