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| 1 | |
All of the following are functions of blood except |
| | A) | transportation of oxygen and carbon dioxide |
| | B) | regulation of body temperature |
| | C) | synthesis of vitamins |
| | D) | defense against infection |
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| 2 | |
What protects the body against blood loss? |
| | A) | clots formed by clusters of leukocytes |
| | B) | clots formed by platelets and blood proteins |
| | C) | masses of erythrocytes and erythrocyte fragments |
| | D) | constriction of capillaries in the damaged area |
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| 3 | |
The two primary components of whole blood are |
| | A) | serum and formed elements |
| | B) | plasma and formed elements |
| | C) | formed elements and dissolved proteins |
| | D) | blood cells and cell fragments |
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| 4 | |
What are the formed elements of blood? |
| | A) | erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets |
| | B) | the buffy coat and plasma proteins |
| | C) | blood cells, cell fragments, and plasma |
| | D) | all compounds synthesized by the blood |
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| 5 | |
The most abundant compound in blood plasma, accounting for about 92% of the total volume, is |
| | A) | oxygen |
| | B) | gamma-globulin |
| | C) | sodium chloride |
| | D) | water |
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| 6 | |
The three major classes of plasma proteins are |
| | A) | fibrin, fibrinogen, and regulatory proteins |
| | B) | albumins, globulins, and fibrinogen |
| | C) | alpha-, beta-, and gamma-globulins |
| | D) | agglutinins, agglutinogens, and lipoproteins |
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| 7 | |
Immunoglobulins, soluble proteins produced by some of our defense cells to protect the body against pathogens, are also called |
| | A) | alpha-globulins |
| | B) | beta-globulins |
| | C) | antibodies |
| | D) | agglutinogens |
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| 8 | |
The plasma protein ____________, an essential component of the clotting system, can be converted into long, insoluble strands of fibrin. |
| | A) | fibrinogen |
| | B) | albumin |
| | C) | transferrin |
| | D) | gamma-globulin |
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| 9 | |
All of the following are true of erythrocytes except |
| | A) | they transport oxygen from the lungs to body tissues |
| | B) | their plasma membrane contains many surface antigens |
| | C) | they have a finite life span averaging only about 60 days |
| | D) | when mature, they have no nucleus or other organelles |
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| 10 | |
Stacks of erythrocytes called ____________ can pass through blood vessels barely larger than the diameter of a single erythrocyte. |
| | A) | colloids |
| | B) | rouleaux |
| | C) | columns |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 11 | |
Abundant molecules of ____________ give erythrocytes both their color and their ability to transport oxygen. |
| | A) | beta-globulin |
| | B) | agglutinogen |
| | C) | hemoglobin |
| | D) | fibrinogen |
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| 12 | |
Projecting from the surface of its plasma membrane, each erythrocyte has numerous molecules called surface antigens, or |
| | A) | specific granules |
| | B) | specific antibodies |
| | C) | agglutinins |
| | D) | agglutinogens |
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| 13 | |
In terms of the ABO blood group, which blood type makes a person a "universal recipient?" |
| | A) | AB |
| | B) | O |
| | C) | A |
| | D) | B |
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| 14 | |
Individuals with type O blood lack surface antigens A and B, and so their plasma contains |
| | A) | anti-A antibodies |
| | B) | anti-B antibodies |
| | C) | both of the above |
| | D) | neither a nor b |
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| 15 | |
Unlike those of the ABO blood group, antibodies to the Rh factor are produced only after an ____________ individual is exposed to ____________. |
| | A) | Rh positive; Rh surface antigens |
| | B) | Rh positive; Rh negative blood |
| | C) | Rh negative; RhoGAM |
| | D) | Rh negative; Rh positive blood |
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| 16 | |
Which formed elements help initiate an immune response and defend the body against pathogens? |
| | A) | erythrocytes |
| | B) | leukocytes |
| | C) | platelets |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 17 | |
Leukocytes exhibit ____________, an attraction to molecules released by damaged cells, dead cells, or pathogens. |
| | A) | leukopenia |
| | B) | leukocytosis |
| | C) | diapedesis |
| | D) | chemotaxis |
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| 18 | |
Leukocytes are divided into two classes based on the presence or absence of visible organelles called |
| | A) | mitochondria |
| | B) | ribosome clusters |
| | C) | specific granules |
| | D) | polymorphic nuclei |
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| 19 | |
The three types of granulocytes, named according to how their granules stain, are |
| | A) | neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils |
| | B) | monocytes, lymphocytes, and neutrophils |
| | C) | eosinophils, erythrocytes, and neutrophils |
| | D) | lymphocytes, basophils, and eosinophils |
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| 20 | |
Although they typically constitute 20-25% of all leukocytes, most ____________ reside in lymphatic tissues rather than blood. |
| | A) | monocytes |
| | B) | lymphocytes |
| | C) | neutrophils |
| | D) | basophils |
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| 21 | |
Which of the following is not a characteristic of neutrophils? |
| | A) | most numerous type of leukocyte in the blood |
| | B) | kill bacteria by secreting an enzyme called lysozyme |
| | C) | leave the blood to phagocytize pathogens in tissue spaces |
| | D) | typically remain in circulation for several weeks to months |
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| 22 | |
Which leukocytes phagocytize allergens and chemically attack parasitic worms? |
| | A) | eosinophils |
| | B) | neutrophils |
| | C) | basophils |
| | D) | lymphocytes |
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| 23 | |
Monocytes are agranulocytes that leave the circulation after a few days to become |
| | A) | microphages |
| | B) | macrophages |
| | C) | megakaryocytes |
| | D) | lymphocytes |
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| 24 | |
Lymphocytes that manage and direct an immune response, in some cases directly attacking foreign cells and virus-infected cells, are classified as |
| | A) | T-lymphocytes |
| | B) | B-lymphocytes |
| | C) | natural killer cells |
| | D) | plasma cells |
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| 25 | |
Which of the following phrases does not accurately describe platelets? |
| | A) | irregular, membrane-enclosed cellular fragments |
| | B) | less than one-fourth the size of an erythrocyte |
| | C) | continually produced in the thymus by progenitor cells |
| | D) | normally about 120,000-300,000 per µl of adult blood |
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| 26 | |
The word root thrombos, as in "thrombocyte," most nearly means |
| | A) | leak |
| | B) | clot |
| | C) | plug |
| | D) | cluster |
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| 27 | |
"Colony-stimulating factors" that influence the maturation and division of blood stem cells include which of the following? |
| | A) | multi-CSF and G-CSF |
| | B) | GM-CSF and M-CSF |
| | C) | thrombopoietin and erythropoietin |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 28 | |
Erythrocytes are normally produced at the rate of about 3 million per |
| | A) | day |
| | B) | hour |
| | C) | minute |
| | D) | second |
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| 29 | |
The continual process of producing new formed elements of all kinds is called |
| | A) | hemopoiesis |
| | B) | erythropoiesis |
| | C) | hemolysis |
| | D) | leukopoiesis |
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| 30 | |
Erythropoiesis occurs in |
| | A) | lymphatic tissues |
| | B) | red bone marrow |
| | C) | yellow bone marrow |
| | D) | all of the above |
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