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| 1 | |
Which of the following is not true of a normal adult heart? |
| | A) | both atria receive only venous blood |
| | B) | both ventricles discharge blood only into arteries |
| | C) | the two left chambers conduct only oxygenated blood |
| | D) | the left ventricle pumps at a faster rate than the right |
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| 2 | |
The serous pericardium does not |
| | A) | facilitate almost frictionless movement as the heart beats |
| | B) | form a mucous membrane lining the pericardial cavity |
| | C) | consist of an outer parietal layer and an inner visceral layer |
| | D) | secrete a lubricating fluid into the pericardial cavity |
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| 3 | |
Oxygenated blood flows through ____________ in the systemic circuit but through ____________ and the opposite heart chambers in the pulmonary circuit. |
| | A) | arteries and the left atrium and ventricle; veins |
| | B) | arteries and the right atrium and ventricle; veins |
| | C) | veins and the left atrium and ventricle; arteries |
| | D) | veins and the right atrium and ventricle; arteries |
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| 4 | |
Blood from the systemic circuit returns to the right atrium through |
| | A) | the superior vena cava |
| | B) | the inferior vena cava |
| | C) | the coronary sinus |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 5 | |
In terms of oxygen content of the blood they transmit, left atrioventricular is to aortic semilunar as ____________ is to pulmonary semilunar. |
| | A) | mitral |
| | B) | bicuspid |
| | C) | tricuspid |
| | D) | none of the above |
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| 6 | |
A type of heart murmur called mitral valve prolapse would most likely involve a defect in |
| | A) | the size or shape of the right atrioventricular opening |
| | B) | the left chordae tendineae or papillary muscles |
| | C) | one of the three cusps of the tricuspid valve |
| | D) | the structure of either semilunar valve |
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| 7 | |
The left and right coronary arteries |
| | A) | are functional end arteries despite sharing tiny anastomoses |
| | B) | are the only branches from the ascending aorta |
| | C) | have highly variable distribution in the posterior ventricular walls |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 8 | |
In the coronary circulation, all venous blood returns to the heart through the |
| | A) | great cardiac vein |
| | B) | middle cardiac vein |
| | C) | coronary sinus |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 9 | |
Although the valve itself is located elsewhere, the best auscultation site for the left AV valve is |
| | A) | in the second intercostal space to the right of the sternum |
| | B) | in the second intercostal space to the left of the sternum |
| | C) | by the right side of the inferior end of the sternum |
| | D) | near the apex of the heart in the fifth intercostal space |
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| 10 | |
Just before leaving the heart to go to the lungs, blood must pass through a smooth-walled region called the |
| | A) | bulbus cordis |
| | B) | sinus venosus |
| | C) | conus arteriosus |
| | D) | pulmonary trunk |
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| 11 | |
What would happen if the papillary muscles could not contract? |
| | A) | the ventricular myocardium would also fail to contract |
| | B) | the atrioventricular valves would not seal tightly |
| | C) | blood would not enter the ventricles during diastole |
| | D) | the semilunar valves would stay open throughout the cardiac cycle |
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| 12 | |
Which set correctly lists the sequence in which events in the cardiac cycle begin? |
| | A) | atrial systole, atrial diastole, ventricular systole, ventricular diastole |
| | B) | atrial systole, ventricular systole, atrial diastole, ventricular diastole |
| | C) | ventricular systole, atrial systole, ventricular diastole, atrial diastole |
| | D) | ventricular systole, ventricular diastole, atrial diastole, atrial systole |
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| 13 | |
Rank the following in order from the longest lasting to the shortest-lived condition in a normal cardiac cycle: (1) atria relaxed (2) ventricles contracting (3) AV valves open (4) semilunar valves closed |
| | A) | 3, 2, 4, 1 |
| | B) | 2, 4, 1, 3 |
| | C) | 1, 4, 3, 2 |
| | D) | 4, 1, 2, 3 |
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| 14 | |
What happens during ventricular diastole? |
| | A) | both ventricles fill with blood |
| | B) | both semilunar valves remain open |
| | C) | both AV valves remain closed |
| | D) | both ventricles contract |
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| 15 | |
Under normal conditions, only two heart chambers are ever concurrently in ____________, but all four are ____________ together for the last half of the cardiac cycle. |
| | A) | diastole; relaxing |
| | B) | systole; contracting |
| | C) | systole; relaxing |
| | D) | diastole; contracting |
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| 16 | |
In which of the following pairs do the events start almost simultaneously? |
| | A) | ventricular systole, first heart sound ("lubb") |
| | B) | atrial diastole, ventricular systole |
| | C) | ventricular diastole, closing of semilunar valves |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 17 | |
Tachycardia predisposes a person to inadequate coronary blood flow because |
| | A) | it lowers blood pressure, reducing the "push" of blood through the myocardium |
| | B) | it reduces the time that the myocardium is relaxed enough to permit blood flow |
| | C) | it raises blood pressure, forcing blood too quickly past the coronary arteries |
| | D) | it shortens systole, when blood would normally be squeezed through the myocardium |
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| 18 | |
Arrange these components of the heart's conduction system in their sequence of activity, beginning with the pacemaker: (1) Purkinje fibers (2) AV node (3) SA node (4) AV bundle |
| | A) | 3, 2, 4, 1 |
| | B) | 2, 3, 1, 4 |
| | C) | 4, 2, 1, 3 |
| | D) | 1, 3, 2, 4 |
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| 19 | |
In an ECG tracing, what might an unusually strong QRS complex indicate? |
| | A) | damage to the sinoatrial node |
| | B) | acute coronary ischemia |
| | C) | hypertrophy of the ventricular myocardium |
| | D) | damage to the AV bundle or Purkinje fibers |
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| 20 | |
When a person's heart "skips a beat," what has most likely occurred? |
| | A) | ventricular fibrillation |
| | B) | premature ventricular contraction |
| | C) | atrial flutter or fibrillation |
| | D) | angina pectoris |
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| 21 | |
All of the following accurately characterize heart development except |
| | A) | two heart tubes fuse to form a single primitive heart tube by day 21 |
| | B) | four expansions that give rise to postnatal heart structures develop by day 22 |
| | C) | the heart tube becomes partitioned into four chambers during weeks 5-8 |
| | D) | the heart starts beating as soon as development is complete, by week 8 |
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| 22 | |
If the fetal septum primum and septum secundum fail to fuse properly at birth, the newborn has a congenital heart malformation called |
| | A) | pulmonary stenosis |
| | B) | tetralogy of Fallot |
| | C) | an atrial septal defect |
| | D) | a ventricular septal defect |
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| 23 | |
Which potentially fatal heart problem is most like a stroke, or cerebrovascular accident? |
| | A) | myocardial infarction |
| | B) | ventricular fibrillation |
| | C) | cardiac arrest |
| | D) | cardiac tamponade |
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| 24 | |
What heart problem may be caused, ironically, by the body's attempt to protect itself from a streptococcal throat infection? |
| | A) | cardiomyopathy |
| | B) | rheumatic heart disease |
| | C) | coronary atherosclerosis |
| | D) | infectious endocarditis |
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| 25 | |
What causes a heart murmur? |
| | A) | valvular leakage |
| | B) | decreased valve flexibility |
| | C) | a misshapen valve |
| | D) | any of the above |
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