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| 1 | |
What ensures the unidirectional flow of blood through both the heart and the blood vessels? |
| | A) | constant pressure generated by the heart contractions |
| | B) | valves within the heart that prevent backflow of blood |
| | C) | squeezing action of smooth muscle tissue in arterial walls |
| | D) | continuous osmotic outflow of plasma from capillaries |
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| 2 | |
The ____________ carries blood throughout the body; the ____________ carries blood only to and from the lungs. |
| | A) | systemic circuit; pulmonary circuit |
| | B) | pulmonary circuit; systemic circuit |
| | C) | venous circulation; arterial circulation |
| | D) | arterial circulation; venous circulation |
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| 3 | |
What are the three layers of the heart wall, in order from external to internal? |
| | A) | pericardium, myocardium, epicardium |
| | B) | endocardium, myocardium, pericardium |
| | C) | myocardium, endocardium, epicardium |
| | D) | epicardium, myocardium, endocardium |
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| 4 | |
The epicardium is also called the |
| | A) | fibrous pericardium |
| | B) | serous pericardium |
| | C) | visceral layer of the serous pericardium |
| | D) | parietal layer of the serous pericardium |
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| 5 | |
The myocardium is composed of |
| | A) | an outer fibrous layer and an inner serous layer |
| | B) | cardiac muscle tissue |
| | C) | a simple squamous epithelium and a layer of areolar connective tissue |
| | D) | both b and c |
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| 6 | |
In which of the following ways does cardiac muscle tissue differ from skeletal muscle tissue? |
| | A) | cardiac muscle fibers are relatively short and branched or bifurcated |
| | B) | neighboring cardiac muscle fibers are connected by intercalated discs |
| | C) | each cardiac muscle cell has only one or two centrally located nuclei |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 7 | |
The fibrous skeleton of the heart does not |
| | A) | separate the atria and ventricles |
| | B) | anchor and stabilize the heart valves |
| | C) | promote random impulse conduction throughout the heart wall |
| | D) | provide a rigid framework for the attachment of cardiac muscle tissue |
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| 8 | |
The heart is rotated such that the ____________ are located more anteriorly, while the other chambers are located more posteriorly. |
| | A) | right atrium and ventricle |
| | B) | left atrium and ventricle |
| | C) | right and left atria |
| | D) | right and left ventricles |
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| 9 | |
Externally, the atria and ventricles are separated by a relatively deep groove called the |
| | A) | interventricular sulcus |
| | B) | coronary sulcus |
| | C) | interatrial sulcus |
| | D) | atrioventricular septum |
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| 10 | |
The inferior, conical end of the heart is called the |
| | A) | base |
| | B) | inferior angle |
| | C) | apex |
| | D) | right ventricle |
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| 11 | |
What are the prominent ridges on the internal surfaces of the auricles and the anterior atrial walls? |
| | A) | pectinate muscles |
| | B) | papillary muscles |
| | C) | trabeculae carneae |
| | D) | chordae tendineae |
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| 12 | |
As their name implies, the heart chambers that receive blood returning through both circulatory circuits are called |
| | A) | auricles |
| | B) | atria |
| | C) | ventricles |
| | D) | sinuses |
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| 13 | |
All of the following are true of the left ventricle except |
| | A) | wall is typically 3 times thicker than that of right ventricle |
| | B) | inner wall contains prominent trabeculae carneae and papillary muscles |
| | C) | aortic semilunar valve at superior end separates it from the aorta |
| | D) | receives deoxygenated venous blood from the left atrium |
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| 14 | |
Blood from the systemic circuit returns directly into which heart chamber? |
| | A) | right atrium |
| | B) | left atrium |
| | C) | right auricle |
| | D) | left auricle |
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| 15 | |
The pulmonary trunk carries blood from which heart chamber into the pulmonary circuit? |
| | A) | left atrium |
| | B) | right atrium |
| | C) | left ventricle |
| | D) | right ventricle |
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| 16 | |
Oxygenated blood returning from the lungs enters the left atrium through |
| | A) | the pulmonary arteries |
| | B) | the pulmonary veins |
| | C) | the coronary sinus |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 17 | |
From the right atrium, blood passes through the right AV (tricuspid) valve into the |
| | A) | pulmonary trunk |
| | B) | left atrium |
| | C) | right ventricle |
| | D) | left ventricle |
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| 18 | |
When closed, the left atrioventricular valve prevents backflow of blood into the |
| | A) | left ventricle |
| | B) | left atrium |
| | C) | right atrium |
| | D) | right ventricle |
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| 19 | |
Which structures prevent the AV valves from everting and flipping into the atria when the ventricles contract? |
| | A) | chordae tendineae and pectinate muscles |
| | B) | chordae tendineae and papillary muscles |
| | C) | conus arteriosus and interventricular septum |
| | D) | foramen ovale and fossa ovalis |
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| 20 | |
As the ventricles start to contract, the first heart sound ("lubb") signifies the |
| | A) | opening of all four heart valves |
| | B) | closing of all four heart valves |
| | C) | closing of the semilunar valves |
| | D) | closing of the AV valves |
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| 21 | |
Specialized cardiac muscle fibers that transmit muscle impulses to the contractile muscle cells of the myocardium are an important part of the heart's |
| | A) | fibrous skeleton |
| | B) | valvular apparatus |
| | C) | conduction system |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 22 | |
The cardiac muscle fibers of the ____________ act as the pacemaker, the rhythmic center that initiates the heartbeat. |
| | A) | AV node |
| | B) | sinoatrial node |
| | C) | atrioventricular bundle |
| | D) | ventricular myocardium |
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| 23 | |
The inclusive period of time from the beginning of one heartbeat to the next is called |
| | A) | systole |
| | B) | diastole |
| | C) | a conduction pattern |
| | D) | a cardiac cycle |
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| 24 | |
Regardless of the heart chamber, contraction is called ____________ and relaxation, ____________. |
| | A) | diastole, systole |
| | B) | systole, diastole |
| | C) | fibrillation, defibrillation |
| | D) | defibrillation, fibrillation |
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| 25 | |
The QRS complex of a typical electrocardiogram (ECG) tracing denotes the beginning of |
| | A) | depolarization of the atria |
| | B) | repolarization of the atria |
| | C) | depolarization of the ventricles |
| | D) | repolarization of the ventricles |
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| 26 | |
An ECG produces a composite tracing of all ____________ generated by myocardial cells. |
| | A) | muscle impulses |
| | B) | nerve impulses |
| | C) | muscle contractions |
| | D) | metabolic activity |
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| 27 | |
The right coronary artery typically branches into which two vessels? |
| | A) | right marginal artery and posterior interventricular artery |
| | B) | right marginal artery and anterior interventricular artery |
| | C) | circumflex artery and posterior interventricular artery |
| | D) | circumflex artery and anterior interventricular artery |
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| 28 | |
Sympathetic and parasympathetic components of the autonomic nervous system that innervate the heart are collectively called the |
| | A) | bundle of His |
| | B) | cardiac nerves |
| | C) | coronary plexus |
| | D) | Purkinje fibers |
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| 29 | |
Autonomic innervation of the heart does which of the following? |
| | A) | initiates heartbeat at beginning of each cardiac cycle |
| | B) | increases heart rate and force of contractions |
| | C) | decreases heart rate without changing force of contractions |
| | D) | both b and c |
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| 30 | |
After birth, the foramen ovale of the fetal heart is replaced by a small depression in the interatrial septum called the |
| | A) | ligamentum arteriosum |
| | B) | fossa ovalis |
| | C) | conus cordis |
| | D) | truncus arteriosus |
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