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| 1 | |
Which structures are found only in arteries? |
| | A) | tunica intima and tunica media |
| | B) | internal and external elastic laminae |
| | C) | endothelium, smooth muscle, and connective tissues |
| | D) | tunica externa or adventitia |
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| 2 | |
In terms of both composition and relative position, the ____________ of the heart is most similar to the ____________ of vessel walls. |
| | A) | fibrous pericardium; tunica adventitia |
| | B) | epicardium; tunica externa |
| | C) | myocardium; tunica media |
| | D) | endocardium; tunica intima |
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| 3 | |
Compared with larger arteries, smaller arteries tend to have less ____________ in their walls and more ____________. |
| | A) | epithelial tissue; areolar tissue |
| | B) | epithelial tissue; elastic fibers |
| | C) | adipose tissue; endothelium |
| | D) | elastic tissue; smooth muscle |
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| 4 | |
Which type of true capillaries are enveloped, in certain locations, by the perivascular feet of astrocytes? |
| | A) | fenestrated capillaries |
| | B) | metarterioles |
| | C) | continuous capillaries |
| | D) | sinusoids |
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| 5 | |
The cyclical contracting and relaxing of ____________ that alters blood flow through capillary beds about 5-10 times per minute is called ____________. |
| | A) | metarterioles; vasodilation |
| | B) | precapillary sphincters; vasomotion |
| | C) | thoroughfare channels; vasorotation |
| | D) | postcapillary venules; vasoconstriction |
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| 6 | |
Although both are performed by smooth muscle, ____________ raises blood pressure while ____________ primarily affects nutrient delivery. |
| | A) | vasoconstriction; vasomotion |
| | B) | vasodilation; vasoconstriction |
| | C) | vasoconstriction; vasodilation |
| | D) | vasodilation; vasomotion |
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| 7 | |
Because, at rest, they hold about ____________ of the body's blood, ____________ function as blood reservoirs. |
| | A) | 65%; arterioles |
| | B) | 60%; veins |
| | C) | 70%; capillaries |
| | D) | 55%; venules |
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| 8 | |
All of the following are true of companion vessels except |
| | A) | blood flows through them in opposite directions |
| | B) | one carries oxygenated blood and the other, deoxygenated |
| | C) | a pair can consist of either arteries or veins, but not both |
| | D) | they supply the same body region and tend to lie next to one another |
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| 9 | |
Diapedesis occurs mostly in which vessels? |
| | A) | fenestrated capillaries |
| | B) | postcapillary venules |
| | C) | sinusoids |
| | D) | small veins |
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| 10 | |
Which structures are called the "functional units" of the cardiovascular system? |
| | A) | the heart and major vessels |
| | B) | arteries |
| | C) | veins |
| | D) | capillaries |
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| 11 | |
At any given moment, which cardiovascular components contain the most blood? |
| | A) | the heart and systemic arteries |
| | B) | the entire pulmonary circuit |
| | C) | the systemic veins and venules |
| | D) | all capillaries and arterioles |
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| 12 | |
The ____________ are to the walls of large blood vessels as the coronary vessels are to the myocardium. |
| | A) | nutrient arteries and veins |
| | B) | continuous capillaries |
| | C) | fenestrated capillaries |
| | D) | vasa vasorum |
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| 13 | |
Which of the following carry oxygenated blood only? (1) systemic arteries (2) systemic veins (3) pulmonary arteries (4) pulmonary veins |
| | A) | 2 and 3 |
| | B) | 1 and 3 |
| | C) | 1 and 4 |
| | D) | 3 and 4 |
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| 14 | |
The aorta and its primary branches are all ____________ arteries, as is the pulmonary trunk. |
| | A) | muscular |
| | B) | elastic |
| | C) | systemic |
| | D) | pulmonary |
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| 15 | |
Of the following arteries, which does not contribute directly to an anastomosis? |
| | A) | common carotid |
| | B) | anterior cerebral |
| | C) | ulnar |
| | D) | dorsalis pedis |
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| 16 | |
An artery with an anastomosis so tiny as to be ineffectual is |
| | A) | an end artery |
| | B) | a functional end artery |
| | C) | a nonfunctional artery |
| | D) | at high risk of developing an aneurysm |
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| 17 | |
In which of the following vessels could blood most likely flow bidirectionally? |
| | A) | superior epigastric artery |
| | B) | superior sagittal sinus |
| | C) | carotid sinus |
| | D) | facial vein |
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| 18 | |
Upon leaving the capillaries supplied by the celiac and the superior and inferior mesenteric arteries, blood flows into the |
| | A) | hepatic sinusoids |
| | B) | hepatic veins |
| | C) | hepatic portal system |
| | D) | inferior vena cava |
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| 19 | |
Arrange the names given to successive portions of the vessel that continues from the brachiocephalic trunk to supply the right upper limb: (1) radial artery (2) axillary artery (3) brachial artery (4) subclavian artery |
| | A) | 3, 4, 1, 2 |
| | B) | 2, 4, 3, 1 |
| | C) | 1, 3, 4, 2 |
| | D) | 4, 2, 3, 1 |
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| 20 | |
The following sequence lists veins carrying a drop of blood from the leg to the heart. Which vein is missing?
posterior tibial > popliteal > femoral > common iliac > inferior vena cava |
| | A) | external iliac |
| | B) | internal iliac |
| | C) | great saphenous |
| | D) | deep femoral |
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| 21 | |
In the fetus, oxygenated blood returning from the placenta is shunted away from the liver by the |
| | A) | vitelline veins |
| | B) | posterior cardinal veins |
| | C) | ductus arteriosus |
| | D) | ductus venosus |
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| 22 | |
Which one of the following is not a postnatal circulatory change? |
| | A) | pulmonary resistance drops, allowing the pulmonary arteries to dilate |
| | B) | blood flow stops in the umbilical vessels and they turn into ligaments |
| | C) | increased pressure within the right atrium opens the foramen ovale |
| | D) | the ductus venosus constricts, becoming the ligamentum venosum |
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| 23 | |
At birth, the ____________ replaces the hole in the interatrial septum that has the same name as a hole in the sphenoid bone of the skull. |
| | A) | fossa ovalis |
| | B) | sinoatrial node |
| | C) | ligamentum venosum |
| | D) | ligamentum teres |
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| 24 | |
The ductus arteriosus closes at birth, leaving a fibrous remnant, the ligamentum |
| | A) | flavum |
| | B) | arteriosum |
| | C) | venosum |
| | D) | nuchae |
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| 25 | |
What vascular disorder is characterized by altered endothelia and the buildup of fatty plaques in arterial lumens? |
| | A) | hypertension |
| | B) | aneurysm |
| | C) | atherosclerosis |
| | D) | phlebitis |
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