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| 1 | |
From the innermost outward, what three layers are found in the walls of both arteries and veins? |
| | A) | tunica intima, tunica media, tunica externa |
| | B) | tunica interna, tunica intima, tunica externa |
| | C) | tunica adventitia, tunica intima, tunica externa |
| | D) | tunica adventitia, tunica media, tunica externa |
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| 2 | |
Which tunic contains circularly arranged layers of smooth muscle cells? |
| | A) | tunica adventitia |
| | B) | tunica interna |
| | C) | tunica media |
| | D) | tunica externa |
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| 3 | |
The areolar connective tissue of the ____________ helps anchor the blood vessel to other structures. |
| | A) | tunica intima |
| | B) | tunica interna |
| | C) | tunica media |
| | D) | tunica externa |
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| 4 | |
The thickest layer of an artery wall is the tunica ____________, but veins have a thicker tunica ____________. |
| | A) | media; intima |
| | B) | media; externa |
| | C) | externa; media |
| | D) | externa; intima |
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| 5 | |
Blood leaving the heart enters large, extremely resilient vessels called |
| | A) | elastic arteries |
| | B) | muscular arteries |
| | C) | venae cavae |
| | D) | distributing arteries |
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| 6 | |
In contrast to other arteries, arterioles |
| | A) | have elastic laminae in the tunica media |
| | B) | are only 3 mm in diameter or smaller |
| | C) | sometimes lack an endothelium |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 7 | |
A blood vessel with thin walls, a relatively wide lumen, numerous one-way valves, and a diameter greater than 100 micrometers is |
| | A) | an elastic artery |
| | B) | an arteriole |
| | C) | a venule |
| | D) | a vein |
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| 8 | |
Which vessels have thin walls and small diameters that facilitate rapid diffusion of gases and nutrients between blood and body tissues? |
| | A) | capillaries |
| | B) | arterioles |
| | C) | venules |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 9 | |
Valves in veins serve to |
| | A) | release excessive pressure to protect these thin-walled vessels |
| | B) | counteract the crushing force of surrounding skeletal muscles |
| | C) | prevent backflow of blood in the absence of high blood pressure |
| | D) | adjust blood pressure by compartmentalizing the venae cavae |
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| 10 | |
Capillaries do not function independently, but rather form interconnected networks called |
| | A) | sinusoids |
| | B) | thoroughfare channels |
| | C) | fenestrations |
| | D) | capillary beds |
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| 11 | |
A ring of smooth muscle, the precapillary sphincter, encircles the entrance to each ____________. |
| | A) | postcapillary venule |
| | B) | true capillary |
| | C) | thoroughfare channel |
| | D) | metarteriole |
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| 12 | |
Which of the following selections is paired incorrectly? |
| | A) | continuous capillaries; complete lining of endothelial cells |
| | B) | fenestrated capillaries; holes within each endothelial cell |
| | C) | continuous capillaries; found in intestinal villi and the kidneys |
| | D) | sinusoids; found in bone marrow, the spleen, and the liver |
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| 13 | |
Gaps in their walls and relatively large lumens, along with basement membranes that are either discontinuous or absent, allow ____________ to transport materials as large as proteins or blood cells in and out of the blood very quickly. |
| | A) | sinusoids |
| | B) | fenestrated capillaries |
| | C) | continuous capillaries |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 14 | |
The word root fenestra most nearly means |
| | A) | to leak |
| | B) | to move |
| | C) | window |
| | D) | hole |
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| 15 | |
At rest, about 60% of the body's blood is normally held by the |
| | A) | heart |
| | B) | veins |
| | C) | arteries |
| | D) | capillaries |
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| 16 | |
Compared with those of the systemic circulation, arteries of the pulmonary circulation |
| | A) | have lower blood pressure |
| | B) | have less elastic tissue and wider lumens |
| | C) | carry blood that contains less oxygen |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 17 | |
What are the three main arterial branches that emerge from the aortic arch? |
| | A) | left and right common carotid arteries and the brachiocephalic trunk |
| | B) | right subclavian artery, brachiocephalic trunk, and left subclavian artery |
| | C) | brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid artery, and left subclavian artery |
| | D) | right subclavian artery, brachiocephalic trunk, and left common carotid artery |
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| 18 | |
The internal carotid arteries do not |
| | A) | enter the skull through the carotid canals of the temporal bone |
| | B) | deliver blood to structures of the neck, pharynx, larynx, mandible, and face |
| | C) | supply the brain through branches called the anterior and middle cerebral arteries |
| | D) | supply blood to the eyes through branches called the ophthalmic arteries |
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| 19 | |
What is the name of the anastomosis of arteries surrounding the sella turcica? |
| | A) | cerebral arterial circle |
| | B) | cerebral-carotid loop |
| | C) | basilar-carotid plexus |
| | D) | ring of Williston |
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| 20 | |
Which three arteries branch from the celiac trunk to supply digestive organs? |
| | A) | superior mesenteric, inferior mesenteric, and splenic |
| | B) | suprarenal, renal, and lumbar |
| | C) | common gastric, left splenic, and hepatic |
| | D) | left gastric, splenic, and common hepatic |
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| 21 | |
Which pair correctly matches an artery with the organ or region it serves? |
| | A) | hepatic, kidney |
| | B) | renal, adrenal gland |
| | C) | obturator, medial thigh |
| | D) | lumbar, posterolateral thoracic wall |
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| 22 | |
Veins that drain the head, neck, and upper limbs ultimately merge to form the |
| | A) | jugular veins |
| | B) | subclavian veins |
| | C) | superior vena cava |
| | D) | inferior vena cava |
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| 23 | |
Which statement accurately describes the azygos vein? |
| | A) | descends through the thorax to join the inferior vena cava |
| | B) | lies along the left side of the thoracic vertebrae |
| | C) | drains blood primarily from the anterior thoracic wall |
| | D) | receives blood from veins on both sides of the vertebrae |
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| 24 | |
Which vein collects most of the blood from the lower limbs, pelvis, perineum, and abdominal structures? |
| | A) | inferior vena cava |
| | B) | great saphenous vein |
| | C) | common iliac vein |
| | D) | azygos vein |
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| 25 | |
The veins of the gastrointestinal tract all merge into some part of the ____________, which shunts the blood to the liver for absorption and processing of transported materials. |
| | A) | renal portal system |
| | B) | hepatic anastomosis |
| | C) | hepatic portal system |
| | D) | gastrointestinal plexus |
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| 26 | |
Which artery projects from the aortic arch, extending several branches that supply the thoracic wall before changing names inferior to the diaphragm? |
| | A) | internal thoracic artery |
| | B) | descending thoracic aorta |
| | C) | descending abdominal aorta |
| | D) | brachiocephalic trunk |
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| 27 | |
In a fetus, most of the blood is shunted from the right to the left atrium through the |
| | A) | foramen ovale |
| | B) | fossa ovalis |
| | C) | ductus venosus |
| | D) | ductus arteriosus |
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| 28 | |
Fetal blood is shunted from the pulmonary trunk to the aorta through which of the following? |
| | A) | ductus venosus |
| | B) | ductus arteriosus |
| | C) | foramen ovale |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 29 | |
The word root varix, as used in "varicose," appropriately translates as |
| | A) | lump or knot |
| | B) | painful |
| | C) | weakened vessel |
| | D) | dilated vein |
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| 30 | |
Aging adults in the United States may expect which of the following changes in the cardiovascular system? |
| | A) | less resilient heart and blood vessels |
| | B) | higher systolic blood pressure |
| | C) | worsening atherosclerosis |
| | D) | all of the above |
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