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| 1 | |
General functions of the lymphatic system include |
| | A) | fluid and nutrient transport |
| | B) | lymphocyte development |
| | C) | the immune response |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 2 | |
How much excess interstitial fluid must the lymphatic system return to the bloodstream each day? |
| | A) | less than 500 milliliters |
| | B) | up to 1 liter |
| | C) | about 3 liters |
| | D) | between 4 and 5 liters |
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| 3 | |
Which selection includes all the major components of the lymphatic system? |
| | A) | lymphatic cells and structures, lymph, and lymph vessels |
| | B) | thoracic duct, right lymphatic duct, and lymph |
| | C) | lymphocytes, lymph, and lymph nodes |
| | D) | spleen, thymus, and tonsils |
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| 4 | |
A systematic defense against antigens, initiated by lymphatic cells, is called |
| | A) | a cross-reaction |
| | B) | inflammation |
| | C) | septicemia |
| | D) | an immune response |
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| 5 | |
Which one of the following statements is false? |
| | A) | blood pressure forces fluid out of capillaries into the interstitial spaces |
| | B) | "leaked" fluids can be returned to the blood only by lymphatic vessels |
| | C) | lymphatic vessels return excess interstitial fluid to the venous circulation |
| | D) | blood volume would drop precipitously without the lymphatic drainage |
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| 6 | |
Which of the following is false in comparing lymphatic vessels with small veins? |
| | A) | both have valves within the lumen |
| | B) | both contain the same three tunics |
| | C) | pressures in lymphatic vessels exceed those in veins |
| | D) | contraction of nearby skeletal muscles helps propel fluids through both |
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| 7 | |
The two largest lymph-collecting vessels are the |
| | A) | cisterna chyli and thoracic duct |
| | B) | thoracic duct and right lymphatic duct |
| | C) | left subclavian trunk and right lymphatic duct |
| | D) | left jugular trunk and right subclavian trunk |
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| 8 | |
Which sequence correctly traces the flow of lymph from lymphatic capillaries in the right thigh to the left subclavian vein? |
| | A) | lymphatic vessels, lymphatic trunks, cisterna chyli, thoracic duct |
| | B) | cisterna chyli, lymphatic vessels, lymphatic trunks, thoracic duct |
| | C) | femoral lymphatic vessels, right lymphatic duct, thoracic duct |
| | D) | right lymphatic duct, lumbar lymphatic vessels, thoracic duct |
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| 9 | |
Lymphatic cells include all of the following except |
| | A) | macrophages |
| | B) | dendritic cells |
| | C) | neutrophils |
| | D) | lymphocytes |
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| 10 | |
T-lymphocytes mature in the ____________, while B-lymphocytes mature in the ____________. |
| | A) | yellow bone marrow; red bone marrow |
| | B) | thyroid follicles; bone marrow |
| | C) | bone marrow; thymus |
| | D) | thymus; bone marrow |
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| 11 | |
All of the following are types of T-lymphocytes except |
| | A) | helper |
| | B) | plasma |
| | C) | suppressor |
| | D) | memory |
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| 12 | |
About 70-85% of the body's lymphocytes are |
| | A) | T-lymphocytes |
| | B) | plasma cells |
| | C) | NK cells |
| | D) | B-lymphocytes |
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| 13 | |
Which lymphocytes initiate and oversee the immune response? |
| | A) | memory B-lymphocytes |
| | B) | helper T-lymphocytes |
| | C) | cytotoxic T-lymphocytes |
| | D) | natural killer cells |
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| 14 | |
Helper T-lymphocytes secrete chemical signals called ____________ that bind to receptors on other lymphatic cells and activate them. |
| | A) | coreceptors |
| | B) | antibodies |
| | C) | immunoglobulins |
| | D) | cytokines |
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| 15 | |
Each type of T-lymphocyte has a particular ____________ in its plasma membrane that recognizes a specific antigen. |
| | A) | surface antibody |
| | B) | coreceptor |
| | C) | alpha-receptor |
| | D) | beta-receptor |
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| 16 | |
Plasma cells produce and secrete |
| | A) | antibodies |
| | B) | antigens |
| | C) | cytokines |
| | D) | alpha-globulins |
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| 17 | |
Which one of the following would respond to multiple antigens? |
| | A) | cytotoxic T-lymphocyte |
| | B) | memory T-lymphocyte |
| | C) | NK cell |
| | D) | plasma cell |
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| 18 | |
Lymphopoiesis, the process of lymphocyte development and maturation, occurs in |
| | A) | the spleen and liver |
| | B) | red bone marrow |
| | C) | the thymus |
| | D) | both b and c |
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| 19 | |
A fully mature lymphocyte that is ready to participate in the immune response is said to be |
| | A) | immunocompromised |
| | B) | immunocompetent |
| | C) | antigenically primed |
| | D) | facilitated |
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| 20 | |
Oval clusters of lymphatic cells with some extracellular matrix but no connective tissue capsule are called |
| | A) | lymph nodes |
| | B) | lymphatic sinuses |
| | C) | lymphatic nodules |
| | D) | medullary sinuses |
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| 21 | |
The large clusters of lymphatic nodules found in the throat are called |
| | A) | Peyer patches |
| | B) | tonsils |
| | C) | lymph nodes |
| | D) | lymph glands |
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| 22 | |
Large groups of lymphatic nodules in the mucosa of the gastrointestinal, respiratory, genital, and urinary tracts are collectively called |
| | A) | MALT |
| | B) | Peyer patches |
| | C) | germinal centers |
| | D) | mucosal lymph nodes |
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| 23 | |
Which set includes only lymphatic organs? |
| | A) | lymphatic nodules, tonsils, Peyer patches |
| | B) | thymus, lymph nodes, spleen |
| | C) | lymph nodes, tonsils, MALT |
| | D) | tonsils, spleen, thymus |
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| 24 | |
Clusters of lymph nodes are found in which of the following body regions? |
| | A) | axillary |
| | B) | cervical |
| | C) | inguinal |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 25 | |
The thymus is a lymphatic organ that |
| | A) | is divided into four lobes by its connective tissue capsule |
| | B) | reaches a maximum weight of 30-50 grams at puberty |
| | C) | is located in the posterior mediastinum, inferior to the heart |
| | D) | remains functional throughout adulthood, especially after age 40 |
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| 26 | |
Several thymic hormones are secreted by ____________ in the cortex of the thymus. |
| | A) | nurse cells |
| | B) | thymic corpuscles |
| | C) | trabeculae |
| | D) | macrophages |
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| 27 | |
What occurs in the thymus? |
| | A) | production of large quantities of antibodies |
| | B) | activation of the immune response by circulating antigens |
| | C) | T-lymphocyte maturation and differentiation |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 28 | |
The spleen performs which of the following functions? |
| | A) | initiates an immune response when antigens are detected in the blood |
| | B) | stores erythrocytes and platelets and hemolyzes old, defective ones |
| | C) | phagocytizes bacteria and foreign debris from the blood |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 29 | |
Which one of the following does not accurately describe the spleen? |
| | A) | surrounded by a capsule composed of dense irregular connective tissue |
| | B) | divided into an outer cortex and an inner medulla by fibrous trabeculae |
| | C) | white pulp contains clusters of lymphatic cells encircling central arteries |
| | D) | red pulp contains splenic cords and sinusoids with numerous macrophages |
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| 30 | |
With advancing age the lymphatic system loses effectiveness in |
| | A) | providing immunity and fighting disease |
| | B) | transporting lymph to the bloodstream |
| | C) | absorbing dietary lipids from the small intestine |
| | D) | all of the above |
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