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| 1 | |
The respiratory system assists the cardiovascular and lymphatic systems in |
| | A) | regulating blood volume |
| | B) | regulating blood pressure |
| | C) | controlling body fluid pH |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 2 | |
Which pair does not correctly match a respiratory passageway with its primary opening(s) for receiving inhaled air? |
| | A) | vestibule; external nares |
| | B) | nasopharynx; choanae |
| | C) | oropharynx; fauces |
| | D) | trachea; rima glottidis |
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| 3 | |
Of the following, which structure is a component of both the lower respiratory tract and the conducting portion of the respiratory system? |
| | A) | oropharynx |
| | B) | laryngopharynx |
| | C) | larynx |
| | D) | alveolar duct |
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| 4 | |
Which one of the following does not accurately characterize the epithelial lining of the respiratory tract? |
| | A) | it is mostly pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with numerous goblet cells |
| | B) | cilia in the larger passageways sweep trapped debris toward the pharynx, where it is swallowed |
| | C) | it changes from simple columnar to simple cuboidal epithelium within progressively smaller bronchioles |
| | D) | goblet cells and mucous glands in the lamina propria secrete a watery, lubricating fluid |
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| 5 | |
In which pair is each structure or region lined with two different kinds of epithelia (the same two)? |
| | A) | pharynx and larynx |
| | B) | nasopharynx and oropharynx |
| | C) | oropharynx and laryngopharynx |
| | D) | trachea and bronchi |
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| 6 | |
Which structure consists of a narrow opening with ligamentous lateral walls that both guard the passage into the lower respiratory tract and vibrate to produce sound? |
| | A) | epiglottis |
| | B) | glottis |
| | C) | larynx |
| | D) | trachea |
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| 7 | |
The lining of the trachea consists of a pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium and an underlying lamina propria; together, these constitute the |
| | A) | serosa |
| | B) | mucosa |
| | C) | submucosa |
| | D) | trachealis |
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| 8 | |
Which paranasal sinuses are located deepest within the skull, or farthest posterior to the face? |
| | A) | ethmoidal |
| | B) | frontal |
| | C) | sphenoid |
| | D) | maxillary |
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| 9 | |
Which statement about the respiratory tract is false? |
| | A) | the upper respiratory tract includes components of both functional portions |
| | B) | stratified epithelia occur only in parts of the tract shared by another system |
| | C) | the trachea is part of the lower respiratory tract but not of the bronchial tree |
| | D) | the inferior end of the bronchial tree is also the end of the conducting portion |
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| 10 | |
Even if all the defenses in the conducting portion of the respiratory tract fail, ____________ may still destroy pathogens before they can enter the body fluids. |
| | A) | macrophages in the pulmonary lymph nodes |
| | B) | NK cells in the elastic tissues of the lungs |
| | C) | cytotoxic T-lymphocytes |
| | D) | alveolar macrophages |
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| 11 | |
An important function of the fluid in the pleural cavity is to |
| | A) | provide a medium for the exchange of respiratory gases |
| | B) | reduce friction between the visceral and parietal pleurae |
| | C) | provide lubrication for movements of the diaphragm |
| | D) | permit the exchange of electrolytes during respiration |
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| 12 | |
Branches or tributaries of which vessels carry oxygenated blood through the tissues of the lungs? |
| | A) | pulmonary and bronchial veins |
| | B) | pulmonary and bronchial arteries |
| | C) | pulmonary veins and bronchial arteries |
| | D) | pulmonary arteries and bronchial veins |
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| 13 | |
Autonomic stimulation via the vagus nerves causes what response within the lungs? |
| | A) | deeper inhalation |
| | B) | forced exhalation |
| | C) | bronchodilation |
| | D) | bronchoconstriction |
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| 14 | |
Impulses transmitted by the ____________ nerves cause the smooth muscle in the walls of bronchioles to ____________. |
| | A) | pulmonary; contract |
| | B) | vagus; relax |
| | C) | cardiac; relax |
| | D) | thoracic; contract |
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| 15 | |
In the control of respiration by the regulatory centers of the brain, what stimulates activity in the dorsal respiratory group? |
| | A) | output from the apneustic center or VRG |
| | B) | any inhibition of the respiratory center |
| | C) | activation of the pneumotaxic center |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 16 | |
Arrange the following to reflect the path of airflow that results from activation of the VRG (some structures are omitted): (1) terminal bronchiole (2) segmental bronchus (3) primary bronchus (4) alveolar duct (5) trachea |
| | A) | 1, 4, 3, 2, 5 |
| | B) | 5, 2, 3, 4, 1 |
| | C) | 4, 1, 2, 3, 5 |
| | D) | 5, 3, 2, 1, 4 |
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| 17 | |
According to Boyle's law, intrapulmonary pressure should ____________ when the diaphragm or external intercostal muscles contract. |
| | A) | increase |
| | B) | decrease |
| | C) | remain constant |
| | D) | equal atmospheric pressure |
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| 18 | |
In prematurely born infants, hyaline membrane disease is associated with inadequate production of ____________ by ____________ cells. |
| | A) | lysozyme; mucous gland |
| | B) | mucin; goblet |
| | C) | glycoproteins; alveolar type I |
| | D) | surfactant; alveolar type II |
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| 19 | |
Babies that sleep on their stomachs are now known to be at greater risk of |
| | A) | asphyxiation |
| | B) | SIDS (crib death) |
| | C) | developmental delays |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 20 | |
Ultimately, the harmful effects of cystic fibrosis are attributable to ____________, caused by a defective gene. |
| | A) | excessive, dilute mucus in the lungs |
| | B) | hyposecretion of pancreatic enzymes |
| | C) | hypersecretion of sodium chloride |
| | D) | osmotic imbalance in gland cells |
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| 21 | |
Which of the following result from the presence of free air in the pleural cavity? |
| | A) | pneumothorax and atelectasis |
| | B) | hydrothorax and hemothorax |
| | C) | empyema and emphysema |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 22 | |
Of the following, which condition most directly involves structures in the respiratory portion of the respiratory tract? |
| | A) | epistaxis |
| | B) | asthma |
| | C) | emphysema |
| | D) | bronchitis |
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| 23 | |
Smoking is a very dangerous habit because |
| | A) | it causes emphysema and significantly increases the risk and severity of atherosclerosis |
| | B) | it is directly implicated in cancers of the lung, esophagus, stomach, and urinary bladder |
| | C) | second-hand smoke may trigger bronchitis, ear infections, and asthma in children |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 24 | |
Which type of lung cancer has histological ties to the nervous and endocrine systems and tends to metastasize very early? |
| | A) | squamous cell carcinoma |
| | B) | adenocarcinoma |
| | C) | small-cell carcinoma |
| | D) | large-cell carcinoma |
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| 25 | |
Asthma is most similar to ____________ localized in the bronchi and bronchioles. |
| | A) | an immune response |
| | B) | a pulmonary embolism |
| | C) | acute bronchitis |
| | D) | pneumonia |
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