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| 1 | |
Which of the following is not a function of the respiratory system? |
| | A) | provide an area for gas exchange between air and circulating blood |
| | B) | transport air to and from the cells and tissues throughout the body |
| | C) | condition gases before they reach the exchange surfaces of the lungs |
| | D) | defend respiratory system and other tissues against inhaled bacteria |
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| 2 | |
Which selection includes only upper respiratory tract components? |
| | A) | nose, mouth, pharynx, and larynx |
| | B) | larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs |
| | C) | bronchi, respiratory bronchioles, and alveoli |
| | D) | nose, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, and pharynx |
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| 3 | |
The lower respiratory tract extends from the ____________ to the ____________, inclusive. |
| | A) | larynx; alveoli |
| | B) | pharynx; lungs |
| | C) | trachea; alveoli |
| | D) | pharynx; alveolar sacs |
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| 4 | |
The functional division of the respiratory system that transports air (as opposed to exchanging gases with the blood) is called the |
| | A) | upper respiratory tract |
| | B) | lower respiratory tract |
| | C) | respiratory portion |
| | D) | conducting portion |
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| 5 | |
Air filtration and conditioning, olfaction, and sound resonance are all functions of the |
| | A) | oral cavity |
| | B) | nasal cavity |
| | C) | pharynx |
| | D) | larynx |
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| 6 | |
Which term describes the part of the nasal cavity contained within the flexible tissues of the external nose? |
| | A) | external nares |
| | B) | dorsum nasi |
| | C) | vestibule |
| | D) | vibrissa |
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| 7 | |
What composes the nasal septum? |
| | A) | the vomer |
| | B) | perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone |
| | C) | septal cartilage |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 8 | |
The passages that conduct air from the vestibule to the internal nares are the |
| | A) | superior, middle, and inferior nasal conchae |
| | B) | superior, middle, and inferior meatuses |
| | C) | superior, middle, and inferior turbinates |
| | D) | hard palate, soft palate, and nasopharynx |
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| 9 | |
Regions of the pharynx include which of the following? |
| | A) | nasopharynx |
| | B) | oropharynx |
| | C) | laryngopharynx |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 10 | |
Which selection correctly pairs a pharyngeal region with its lining? |
| | A) | nasopharynx; nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium |
| | B) | oropharynx; nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium |
| | C) | laryngopharynx; pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium |
| | D) | none of the above |
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| 11 | |
A short, somewhat cylindrical airway with cartilaginous walls stabilized by ligaments and muscles best describes which of the following? |
| | A) | pharynx |
| | B) | laryngopharynx |
| | C) | larynx |
| | D) | trachea |
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| 12 | |
Cartilages of the larynx include all of the following except the |
| | A) | arytenoid cartilages and epiglottis |
| | B) | lateral cartilages and alar cartilages |
| | C) | thyroid cartilage and cricoid cartilage |
| | D) | corniculate and cuneiform cartilages |
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| 13 | |
The spoon-shaped ____________, composed mostly of elastic cartilage, closes over the laryngeal opening when a person swallows. |
| | A) | epiglottis |
| | B) | glottis |
| | C) | aryepiglottic fold |
| | D) | laryngeal prominence |
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| 14 | |
The posterior wall of the trachea consists of |
| | A) | tracheal cartilages and anular ligaments |
| | B) | the trachealis muscle and an elastic membrane |
| | C) | a mucosa and a submucosal layer |
| | D) | both b and c |
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| 15 | |
The carina of the trachea is an internal ridge formed by |
| | A) | two fused anular ligaments |
| | B) | an infolding of the trachealis muscle |
| | C) | the inferiormost tracheal cartilage |
| | D) | both a and b |
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| 16 | |
Compared with the left primary bronchus, the right primary bronchus is |
| | A) | wider |
| | B) | longer |
| | C) | more horizontally oriented |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 17 | |
Each primary bronchus divides to form secondary bronchi, which in turn branch to form |
| | A) | lobar bronchi |
| | B) | segmental bronchi |
| | C) | ten tertiary bronchi in the left lung and eight in the right |
| | D) | numerous bronchioles |
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| 18 | |
All of the lung tissue supplied by a single tertiary bronchus is called a |
| | A) | lobe |
| | B) | tertiary lobule |
| | C) | pulmonary lobule |
| | D) | bronchopulmonary segment |
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| 19 | |
The walls of which parts of the bronchial tree contain no cartilage and are instead dominated by smooth muscle tissue? |
| | A) | primary bronchi |
| | B) | secondary bronchi |
| | C) | tertiary bronchi |
| | D) | terminal bronchioles |
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| 20 | |
Which of the following is false regarding the respiratory membrane? |
| | A) | it is the only barrier between the blood and the inhaled gases within each alveolus |
| | B) | basement membranes of alveolar type I cells and their adjacent capillaries are fused |
| | C) | oxygen cannot diffuse through the membrane and so must be actively transported |
| | D) | carbon dioxide diffuses across the membrane from the blood into the alveolar lumen |
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| 21 | |
On each side of the chest, the ____________ pleura lines the internal thoracic wall, while the ____________ pleura tightly covers the lung. |
| | A) | thoracic; pulmonary |
| | B) | parietal; visceral |
| | C) | visceral; parietal |
| | D) | fibrous; serous |
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| 22 | |
In normal, unforced breathing, ____________ involves muscular contractions while ____________ requires no active muscular effort. |
| | A) | inhalation, exhalation |
| | B) | exhalation, inhalation |
| | C) | expiration, inspiration |
| | D) | eupnea, hyperpnea |
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| 23 | |
Which muscles of respiration are used during normal quiet breathing? |
| | A) | rectus abdominis and internal obliques |
| | B) | scalenes and internal intercostals |
| | C) | external intercostals and diaphragm |
| | D) | transversus abdominis and serratus anterior |
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| 24 | |
Which muscles assist exhalation by depressing the ribs? |
| | A) | external intercostals, scalenes, and serratus posterior superior |
| | B) | internal intercostals, transversus thoracis, and serratus posterior inferior |
| | C) | pectoralis minor, sternocleidomastoid, and serratus anterior |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 25 | |
All of the following are true of the fetal respiratory system except |
| | A) | the lungs receive little blood because the pulmonary vessels are collapsed |
| | B) | alveolar type II cells start secreting pulmonary surfactant around week 28 |
| | C) | the epithelial linings of alveoli are initially too thick for respiration |
| | D) | the lungs and conducting passageways contain small amounts of air |
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| 26 | |
Sympathetic and parasympathetic axons that surround the primary bronchi and enter the lungs at the hilum compose the |
| | A) | pleural respiratory center |
| | B) | parabronchial network |
| | C) | pulmonary plexus |
| | D) | asthmatic reflex pathway |
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| 27 | |
Which pair does not correctly match a regulatory respiratory center with its location? |
| | A) | respiratory center, medulla oblongata |
| | B) | inspiratory center, midbrain |
| | C) | apneustic center, pons |
| | D) | pneumotaxic center, pons |
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| 28 | |
Which regulatory center of the brain establishes the rate and depth of both inspiration and expiration? |
| | A) | respiratory center |
| | B) | dorsal respiratory group |
| | C) | ventral respiratory group |
| | D) | pneumotaxic center |
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| 29 | |
Inspiration is inhibited in two ways by the |
| | A) | dorsal respiratory group |
| | B) | ventral respiratory |
| | C) | apneustic center |
| | D) | pneumotaxic center |
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| 30 | |
The elastic tissues in the lungs and thoracic cavity wall deteriorate with advancing age, resulting in |
| | A) | decreased flexibility of the costal cartilages |
| | B) | less efficient gas exchange within the lungs |
| | C) | an increased incidence and severity of emphysema |
| | D) | a buildup of pollutants in the lymph nodes and lungs |
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