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| 1 | |
On each maxilla and each side of the mandible, both the deciduous and permanent dentitions typically include two ____________ for slicing or cutting into food. |
| | A) | incisors |
| | B) | canines |
| | C) | premolars |
| | D) | molars |
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| 2 | |
Unique to the permanent dentition, the two pairs of ____________ on each jaw are used for crushing and grinding food. |
| | A) | canines |
| | B) | premolars |
| | C) | molars |
| | D) | wisdom teeth |
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| 3 | |
Which statement doesnot accurately describe an aspect of swallowing? |
| | A) | first phase occurs in oral cavity and involves the tongue and hard palate |
| | B) | actions are primarily involuntary until the bolus reaches the oropharynx |
| | C) | soft palate, uvula, and pharyngeal constrictors participate in second phase |
| | D) | third phase involves involuntary control of both skeletal and smooth muscle |
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| 4 | |
Which salivary glands empty into the oral cavity through single ducts on each side of the lingual frenulum, posterior to the incisors? |
| | A) | parotid |
| | B) | sublingual |
| | C) | submandibular |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 5 | |
Which salivary glands are located subcutaneously, offering a good environment for a once-common childhood virus that is now largely controlled by vaccination? |
| | A) | parotid |
| | B) | sublingual |
| | C) | submandibular |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 6 | |
Submucosal nerve plexus is to submucosa as ____________ nerve plexus is to muscularis. |
| | A) | autonomic |
| | B) | myenteric |
| | C) | Meissner |
| | D) | celiac |
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| 7 | |
Histologically, the stomach mucosa comprises |
| | A) | a simple columnar epithelial lining, with numerous gastric pits |
| | B) | goblet cells that secrete a thick carpet of mucin over the surface |
| | C) | an extra, inner layer of smooth muscle called the oblique layer |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 8 | |
The ____________ is actually composed of ____________ peritoneum and is therefore found only on organs within the peritoneal cavity. |
| | A) | lesser omentum; visceral |
| | B) | mesentery proper; visceral |
| | C) | adventitia; parietal |
| | D) | serosa; visceral |
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| 9 | |
Portions of the GI tract outside the peritoneal cavity are surrounded by a layer of areolar connective tissue called the |
| | A) | adventitia |
| | B) | serosa |
| | C) | mucosa externa |
| | D) | tunica albuginea |
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| 10 | |
Which selection correctly pairs a type of gastric epithelial cell with its secretion? |
| | A) | mucous neck cell, alkaline mucin |
| | B) | parietal cell, pepsinogen |
| | C) | enteroendocrine cell, somatostatin |
| | D) | chief cell, hydrochloric acid |
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| 11 | |
The production of acid and enzymes by the gastric mucosa can be controlled by |
| | A) | sympathetic innervation |
| | B) | parasympathetic innervation |
| | C) | hormones from the mucosa itself |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 12 | |
Which hormone, produced by enteroendocrine cells in the stomach lining, stimulates other gland cells as well as smooth muscle fibers in the stomach wall? |
| | A) | gastrin |
| | B) | cholecystokinin |
| | C) | intrinsic factor |
| | D) | secretin |
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| 13 | |
The digestive fluids that mix with chyme in the ____________ are secreted by ____________. |
| | A) | stomach; the liver and pancreas |
| | B) | biliary apparatus; the liver and gallbladder |
| | C) | duodenum; hepatocytes and cells of the pancreatic lobules and ducts |
| | D) | hepatopancreatic ampulla; hepatocytes and cells of the pancreatic islets |
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| 14 | |
In the small intestine, the plicae circulares and villi provide |
| | A) | increased surface area for the absorption of nutrient molecules |
| | B) | attachments for mesenteries suspended from the dorsal body wall |
| | C) | initiation of enterogastric reflexes that accelerate digestion |
| | D) | intestinal contractions that churn and swirl the intestinal chyme |
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| 15 | |
Dietary lipids and lipid-soluble vitamins too large to enter the bloodstream directly can first enter the ____________ by way of ____________. |
| | A) | biliary apparatus; the common bile duct |
| | B) | lymphatic system; lacteals |
| | C) | villi; canaliculi |
| | D) | common hepatic duct; cystic duct |
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| 16 | |
The mucosa of the ____________ is equipped with abundant, pea-sized or larger ____________ that help to protect it from encroaching bacteria. |
| | A) | liver; hepatic sinusoids |
| | B) | jejunum; lymphatic nodules |
| | C) | ileum; Peyer patches |
| | D) | appendix; lymph nodes |
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| 17 | |
The hormones produced by the enteroendocrine cells of the intestinal glands include |
| | A) | pepsinogen and gastrin |
| | B) | secretin and cholecystokinin |
| | C) | enterokinase and aminopeptidase |
| | D) | biliverdin and bilirubin |
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| 18 | |
The ____________ reflex stimulates powerful, peristaltic-like contractions of the teniae coli that produce ____________, often during or just after a meal. |
| | A) | gastroileal; haustral churning |
| | B) | gastrocolic; mass movements |
| | C) | deglutition; segmentation |
| | D) | gag; retching |
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| 19 | |
Which ligament of the liver is the remnant of the fetal umbilical vein? |
| | A) | falciform ligament |
| | B) | ligamentum teres |
| | C) | coronary ligament |
| | D) | ligamentum venosum |
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| 20 | |
Between the skeletal and digestive systems, there are three types of ____________: one in osteons, one in ____________, and one within parietal cells of the gastric glands. |
| | A) | calcium compounds; hepatic lobules |
| | B) | calcium compounds; spongy bone |
| | C) | canaliculi; hepatic lobules |
| | D) | canaliculi; spongy bone |
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| 21 | |
Exocrine secretion by the pancreas is |
| | A) | stimulated by the hormones cholecystokinin and secretin |
| | B) | stimulated by parasympathetic activity via the vagus nerve |
| | C) | inhibited by activity of the sympathetic division of the ANS |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 22 | |
Where does most nutrient absorption occur? |
| | A) | in the body of the stomach |
| | B) | in the duodenum |
| | C) | in the jejunum |
| | D) | in the ileum and cecum |
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| 23 | |
In the adult, the only remnants of the embryonic ventral mesentery are the |
| | A) | greater omentum and mesentery proper |
| | B) | ligamentum venosum and round ligament of the liver |
| | C) | mesocolon and coronary ligament |
| | D) | lesser omentum and falciform ligament |
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| 24 | |
What is the most likely cause of pernicious anemia (a chronic, progressive anemia of older adults), given that it can be successfully treated by administration of vitamin B12? |
| | A) | chronic pancreatitis or gastroenteritis |
| | B) | defective parietal cells in the gastric glands |
| | C) | hemorrhage anywhere in the GI tract submucosa |
| | D) | inadequate dietary intake of iron compounds |
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| 25 | |
What do all of the popular medications for reflux esophagitis ("heartburn") and gastroesophageal reflux disease have in common? |
| | A) | they are all carcinogenic if taken for prolonged periods |
| | B) | none is particularly effective at relieving symptoms in most patients |
| | C) | all work by reducing stomach acidity rather than preventing reflux |
| | D) | all of the above |
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