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| 1 | |
The main functions of the digestive system are |
| | A) | ingestion and digestion |
| | B) | propulsion and secretion |
| | C) | absorption and elimination |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 2 | |
The movement of digestion products, electrolytes, vitamins, and water across the GI tract epithelium and into the underlying blood and lymphatic vessels is called |
| | A) | ingestion |
| | B) | absorption |
| | C) | digestion |
| | D) | secretion |
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| 3 | |
All of the following are organs of the digestive system except the |
| | A) | spleen |
| | B) | liver |
| | C) | tongue |
| | D) | esophagus |
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| 4 | |
Which selection includes only accessory digestive organs? |
| | A) | salivary glands, thyroid gland, pancreas, liver |
| | B) | stomach, duodenum, pancreas, gallbladder |
| | C) | gallbladder, liver, pancreas, salivary glands |
| | D) | liver, thyroid gland, gallbladder, spleen |
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| 5 | |
Movements in the small intestine that churn the materials being digested and mix them with intestinal secretions are called |
| | A) | peristalsis |
| | B) | pendular motility |
| | C) | segmentation |
| | D) | haustral churning |
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| 6 | |
Which term describes the wave of muscular contraction that moves material through the GI tract toward the anus? |
| | A) | peristalsis |
| | B) | pendular motility |
| | C) | segmentation |
| | D) | haustral churning |
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| 7 | |
Digestive functions of the tongue include |
| | A) | manipulating and mixing ingested materials during chewing |
| | B) | helping compress partially digested food to form a bolus |
| | C) | assisting in the swallowing process |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 8 | |
The three pairs of multicellular salivary glands that secrete into the oral cavity are the ____________ glands. |
| | A) | alpha, beta, and gamma |
| | B) | parotid, submandibular, and sublingual |
| | C) | palatine, lingual, and pharyngeal |
| | D) | serous, mucous, and mixed |
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| 9 | |
What is the mineralized matrix, similar to bone but harder, that forms the primary mass of each tooth? |
| | A) | enamel |
| | B) | dentin |
| | C) | cementum |
| | D) | pulp |
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| 10 | |
Which selection doesnot correctly pair a type of tooth with its description? |
| | A) | incisors, one or two roots and spoon-shaped |
| | B) | canines, one root and conical with a pointed tip |
| | C) | premolars, one or two roots and flat crowns with cusps |
| | D) | molars, three or more roots and large, broad, flat crowns |
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| 11 | |
Which mesentery covers most of the abdominal organs, extending inferiorly like an apron from the greater curvature of the stomach? |
| | A) | mesentery proper |
| | B) | lesser omentum |
| | C) | greater omentum |
| | D) | mesocolon |
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| 12 | |
From deep to superficial, what are the tunics of the intraperitoneal portions of the GI tract? |
| | A) | serosa, muscularis, submucosa, and mucosa |
| | B) | mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, and serosa |
| | C) | adventitia, muscularis, submucosa, and mucosa |
| | D) | mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, and adventitia |
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| 13 | |
In which of the following selections are the GI tract organs or regions correctly matched with the type of epithelium that lines them? |
| | A) | oral cavity and esophagus; stratified cuboidal |
| | B) | stomach and small intestine; stratified squamous |
| | C) | cecum, colon, and rectum; simple columnar |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 14 | |
Within the mucous membrane of the GI tract, the layer of areolar connective tissue is called the |
| | A) | mucosal lining |
| | B) | lamina propria |
| | C) | muscularis mucosae |
| | D) | submucosa |
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| 15 | |
Which tunic of the GI tract typically contains an inner circular layer and an outer longitudinal layer, with the myenteric nerve plexus in between? |
| | A) | muscularis |
| | B) | mucosa |
| | C) | submucosa |
| | D) | adventitia |
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| 16 | |
The esophagus enters the abdominal cavity through an opening in the diaphragm, the ____________, before it connects to the stomach. |
| | A) | diaphragmatic foramen |
| | B) | thoracic canal |
| | C) | cardiac orifice |
| | D) | esophageal hiatus |
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| 17 | |
Histological features of the esophageal wall include |
| | A) | a mucosa lined with stratified cuboidal epithelium |
| | B) | submucosal glands that produce a thin, watery fluid |
| | C) | a single layer of skeletal muscle in the muscularis |
| | D) | an outer fibrous layer, the adventitia, with no serosa |
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| 18 | |
What are the three phases of the swallowing process? |
| | A) | mastication, eruption, and dentition |
| | B) | oral, cranial, and pharyngeal |
| | C) | voluntary, pharyngeal, and esophageal |
| | D) | cardiac, gastric, and pyloric |
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| 19 | |
Which digestive organ mechanically and chemically transforms a food bolus into chyme? |
| | A) | esophagus |
| | B) | stomach |
| | C) | small intestine |
| | D) | large intestine |
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| 20 | |
Which list proceeds from the superior to the inferior end of the stomach? |
| | A) | pylorus, fundus, cardia, body |
| | B) | cardia, body, fundus, pylorus |
| | C) | cardia, fundus, body, pylorus |
| | D) | body, cardia, pylorus, fundus |
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| 21 | |
The prominent folds of the mucosa that nearly disappear when the stomach expands are the |
| | A) | gastric pits |
| | B) | rugae |
| | C) | plicae |
| | D) | omenta |
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| 22 | |
From the superior end downward, the three segments of the small intestine are the |
| | A) | ileum, duodenum, and jejunum |
| | B) | duodenum, jejunum, and ileum |
| | C) | jejunum, ileum, and duodenum |
| | D) | duodenum, ileum, and jejunum |
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| 23 | |
What is the function of the villi in the small intestine? |
| | A) | to decrease the amount of exposed surface |
| | B) | to facilitate enzyme retention and dispersal |
| | C) | to increase the surface area for absorption and secretion |
| | D) | to sweep particles across the surface with wavelike actions |
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| 24 | |
Which sequence lists the regions of the large intestine in order, from the end of the ileum to the anus? |
| | A) | cecum, rectum, anal canal, colon |
| | B) | colon, rectum, anal canal, cecum |
| | C) | cecum, colon, rectum, anal canal |
| | D) | colon, cecum, rectum, anal canal |
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| 25 | |
Arrange the segments of the colon in the sequence through which digested material passes prior to defecation: (1) sigmoid (2) transverse (3) descending (4) ascending |
| | A) | 4, 2, 3, 1 |
| | B) | 2, 1, 4, 3 |
| | C) | 1, 3, 4, 2 |
| | D) | 3, 1, 2, 4 |
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| 26 | |
The mucosa of the large intestine is characterized by |
| | A) | lack of intestinal villi |
| | B) | numerous goblet cells and intestinal glands |
| | C) | many lymphatic nodules and cells in the lamina propria |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 27 | |
Production of bile is one of several important functions of the |
| | A) | gallbladder |
| | B) | liver |
| | C) | pancreas |
| | D) | small intestine |
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| 28 | |
Bile is stored and concentrated in the |
| | A) | gallbladder |
| | B) | liver |
| | C) | biliary apparatus |
| | D) | duodenum |
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| 29 | |
Which hormones stimulate the production of pancreatic juice and bicarbonate? |
| | A) | angiotensin and epinephrine |
| | B) | gastrin and insulin |
| | C) | cholecystokinin and secretin |
| | D) | insulin and glucagon |
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| 30 | |
Age-related changes in the digestive system include which of the following? |
| | A) | reduced secretion of mucin, enzymes, and acid |
| | B) | decreased replacement of epithelial cells |
| | C) | diminished muscular tone and GI tract motility |
| | D) | all of the above |
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