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| 1 | |
Which of the following is not a function of the urinary system? |
| | A) | removal of waste products from the bloodstream |
| | B) | storage and excretion of urine |
| | C) | regulation of leukocyte and platelet production |
| | D) | regulation of blood volume and, indirectly, blood pressure |
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| 2 | |
All of the following structures are components of the urinary system except |
| | A) | kidneys |
| | B) | ureters |
| | C) | urethra |
| | D) | gallbladder |
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| 3 | |
Which sequence correctly traces the path of urine after it leaves the kidneys? |
| | A) | ureters, urinary bladder, urethra |
| | B) | urinary bladder, ureters, urethra |
| | C) | urethra, urinary bladder, ureters |
| | D) | urinary bladder, urethra, ureters |
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| 4 | |
What structure rests on the superior pole of each kidney? |
| | A) | spleen |
| | B) | transverse colon |
| | C) | adrenal gland |
| | D) | duodenum |
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| 5 | |
The four tissue layers surrounding and supporting the kidneys are the |
| | A) | tunica intima, tunica media, tunica externa, and adventitia |
| | B) | fibrous capsule, perinephric fat, renal fascia, and paranephric fat |
| | C) | fibrous capsule, adipose capsule, renal capsule, and suspensory ligaments |
| | D) | major calyces, minor calyces, renal fascia, and renal cortex |
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| 6 | |
The outer layer of the kidney, just internal to the fibrous capsule, is the renal |
| | A) | medulla |
| | B) | column |
| | C) | pelvis |
| | D) | cortex |
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| 7 | |
In a typical adult kidney, the renal ____________ is subdivided into 8 to 15 distinct conical or triangular structures known as renal ____________. |
| | A) | cortex; papillae |
| | B) | medulla; pyramids |
| | C) | medulla; columns |
| | D) | cortex; lobes |
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| 8 | |
Which term describes the tip of a renal pyramid that projects toward the renal sinus? |
| | A) | minor calyx |
| | B) | major calyx |
| | C) | renal papilla |
| | D) | renal column |
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| 9 | |
Blood vessels, nerves, and the ureter connect to the kidney at a prominent medial indentation known as the |
| | A) | hilum |
| | B) | mediastinum |
| | C) | renal sinus |
| | D) | renal pelvis |
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| 10 | |
What is the functional filtration unit in the kidney? |
| | A) | renal tubule |
| | B) | renal corpuscle |
| | C) | nephron |
| | D) | glomerulus |
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| 11 | |
Components of a nephron include |
| | A) | a renal corpuscle |
| | B) | proximal and distal convoluted tubules |
| | C) | a nephron loop |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 12 | |
Components of a renal corpuscle include |
| | A) | a glomerulus and glomerular capsule |
| | B) | visceral and parietal layers of a renal capsule |
| | C) | a renal tubule |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 13 | |
From the renal artery, blood flows through which sequence of arteries? |
| | A) | segmental, interlobular, interlobar, arcuate |
| | B) | interlobar, interlobular, arcuate, segmental |
| | C) | arcuate, segmental, interlobular, interlobar |
| | D) | segmental, interlobar, arcuate, interlobular |
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| 14 | |
In various nephrons, ____________ form a network around the convoluted tubules; surrounding the nephron loop are capillaries called the ____________. |
| | A) | vasa recta; peritubular capillaries |
| | B) | peritubular capillaries; interlobular capillaries |
| | C) | peritubular capillaries; vasa recta |
| | D) | vasa recta; interlobular capillaries |
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| 15 | |
Nephrons with nephron loops that barely penetrate the renal medulla are called |
| | A) | nonfunctional nephrons |
| | B) | dystrophic nephrons |
| | C) | cortical nephrons |
| | D) | juxtamedullary nephrons |
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| 16 | |
Which of the following is not a characteristic of a juxtamedullary nephron? |
| | A) | the entire nephron is located in the superficial cortex of the kidney |
| | B) | the renal corpuscle comprises a glomerulus and a glomerular capsule |
| | C) | blood arrives at the glomerular capillaries via an afferent arteriole |
| | D) | the proximal convoluted tubule leads into a long nephron loop |
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| 17 | |
Glomerular capillaries are characterized by all of the following except |
| | A) | blood under relatively high pressure, from afferent arterioles |
| | B) | an endothelium with an unusually thin basement membrane |
| | C) | a fenestrated endothelium that allows materials to be filtered |
| | D) | an epithelial covering of podocytes with pedicels and filtration slits |
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| 18 | |
Arrange the following to trace the path of filtrate through a renal tubule: (1) proximal convoluted tubule (2) distal convoluted tubule (3) ascending limb of nephron loop (4) descending limb of nephron loop |
| | A) | 1, 2, 3, 4 |
| | B) | 2, 3, 4, 1 |
| | C) | 1, 4, 3, 2 |
| | D) | 3, 2, 1, 4 |
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| 19 | |
The three interrelated processes of urine formation are |
| | A) | filtration, secretion, and excretion |
| | B) | secretion, reabsorption, and micturition |
| | C) | excretion, storage, and micturition |
| | D) | filtration, reabsorption, and secretion |
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| 20 | |
From which part of the renal tubule are 60-65% of the water and virtually all nutrients, electrolytes, and plasma proteins reabsorbed into the blood? |
| | A) | proximal convoluted tubule |
| | B) | distal convoluted tubule |
| | C) | ascending limb of nephron loop |
| | D) | descending limb of nephron loop |
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| 21 | |
Which part of the renal tubule is lined throughout its length by a simple cuboidal epithelium with sparse, short microvilli? |
| | A) | proximal convoluted tubule |
| | B) | distal convoluted tubule |
| | C) | ascending limb of nephron loop |
| | D) | descending limb of nephron loop |
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| 22 | |
Hydrogen and potassium ions are secreted into the tubular fluid in the |
| | A) | renal corpuscle |
| | B) | proximal convoluted tubule |
| | C) | nephron loop |
| | D) | distal convoluted tubule |
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| 23 | |
Which sequence correctly traces the flow of tubular fluid after it leaves the nephrons? |
| | A) | papillary ducts, collecting tubules, collecting ducts |
| | B) | collecting tubules, collecting ducts, papillary ducts |
| | C) | papillary ducts, collecting ducts, collecting tubules |
| | D) | collecting ducts, collecting tubules, papillary ducts |
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| 24 | |
Innervation of the kidneys functions to |
| | A) | regulate glomerular blood flow and filtrate formation |
| | B) | stimulate the release of renin by juxtaglomerular cells |
| | C) | refer pain to the T10-T12 dermatomes via the sympathetic pathway |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 25 | |
Which type of epithelium lines the ureters and urinary bladder? |
| | A) | simple cuboidal |
| | B) | simple columnar |
| | C) | transitional |
| | D) | stratified squamous |
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| 26 | |
Each ureter originates at the renal ____________ as it exits the hilum of its respective kidney. |
| | A) | sinus |
| | B) | pelvis |
| | C) | papilla |
| | D) | pyramid |
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| 27 | |
The hollow, muscular organ that temporarily stores urine is the |
| | A) | trigone |
| | B) | detrusor |
| | C) | urachus |
| | D) | urinary bladder |
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| 28 | |
Most of the mucosa of the urinary bladder is thrown into folds called ____________ that allow for extreme distension. |
| | A) | trigones |
| | B) | plicae |
| | C) | rugae |
| | D) | fimbriae |
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| 29 | |
Which sequence correctly traces the flow of urine after it leaves the urinary bladder in a male? |
| | A) | prostatic urethra, membranous urethra, spongy urethra |
| | B) | membranous urethra, prostatic urethra, spongy urethra |
| | C) | ureter, membranous urethra, prostatic urethra, spongy urethra |
| | D) | renal pelvis, ureter, prostatic urethra, penile urethra |
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| 30 | |
Which one of the following doesnot characterize the micturition reflex? |
| | A) | distension of bladder stimulates stretch receptors in bladder wall |
| | B) | impulses from stretch receptors signal the micturition center |
| | C) | parasympathetic stimulation causes detrusor muscle to contract |
| | D) | internal urethral sphincter relaxes under conscious, voluntary control |
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