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| 1 | |
Differentiation and reproduction are the major functions of any organism's |
| | A) | body organization |
| | B) | embryogenesis |
| | C) | development |
| | D) | embryology |
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| 2 | |
What term best describes all of the mechanisms that produce cellular diversity and order during an individual's development? |
| | A) | differentiation |
| | B) | embryogenesis |
| | C) | gastrulation |
| | D) | organogenesis |
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| 3 | |
Meiosis differs from mitosis in which of the following ways? |
| | A) | meiosis produces haploid cells; mitosis, diploid cells |
| | B) | meiotic daughter cells are genetically different from the parent cell |
| | C) | crossing over occurs in meiosis but not in mitosis |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 4 | |
When does crossing over occur? |
| | A) | Prophase I |
| | B) | Prophase II |
| | C) | Metaphase I |
| | D) | Anaphase II |
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| 5 | |
All of a woman's primary oocytes are produced |
| | A) | between the ages of 16 and 24 years |
| | B) | within a year after she reaches puberty |
| | C) | before she is born |
| | D) | none of the above |
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| 6 | |
In each meiotic division of oogenesis, one of the daughter cells receives most of the cytoplasm while the other forms a |
| | A) | pronucleus |
| | B) | polar body |
| | C) | primary oocyte |
| | D) | secondary oocyte |
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| 7 | |
Unlike oogonia, ____________ always divide first by mitosis before undergoing meiosis. |
| | A) | spermatogonia |
| | B) | primary spermatocytes |
| | C) | secondary spermatocytes |
| | D) | spermatids |
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| 8 | |
A mature sperm cell has all of the following components except |
| | A) | an acrosome containing digestive enzymes |
| | B) | a nucleus with 22 autosomes and 1 sex chromosome |
| | C) | a midpiece and a long tail called a flagellum |
| | D) | a large amount of cytoplasm surrounding the nucleus |
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| 9 | |
Which one of the following is not a stage of embryogenesis? |
| | A) | cleavage |
| | B) | meiosis |
| | C) | gastrulation |
| | D) | organogenesis |
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| 10 | |
Which stage of an individual's developmental history typically lasts the longest? |
| | A) | cleavage |
| | B) | gastrulation |
| | C) | organogenesis |
| | D) | maturation |
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| 11 | |
The fusion of two haploid sex cells to produce a diploid zygote is |
| | A) | capacitation |
| | B) | fertilization |
| | C) | development |
| | D) | differentiation |
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| 12 | |
Sperm cells must undergo ____________ within the female reproductive tract before they can fertilize a secondary oocyte. |
| | A) | capacitation |
| | B) | meiosis |
| | C) | spermiogenesis |
| | D) | none of the above |
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| 13 | |
All major organ systems appear in the early form of a distinctly humanlike body during the |
| | A) | pre-embryonic period |
| | B) | second trimester |
| | C) | embryonic period |
| | D) | fetal period |
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| 14 | |
The series of mitotic divisions that transforms the zygote into a blastocyst is called |
| | A) | cleavage |
| | B) | implantation |
| | C) | placentation |
| | D) | embryogenesis |
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| 15 | |
Implantation marks the end of the ____________ stage of development. |
| | A) | prenatal |
| | B) | pre-embryonic |
| | C) | embryonic |
| | D) | fetal |
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| 16 | |
Implantation of the blastocyst involves all of the following except |
| | A) | prior development for at least two weeks within the uterine lumen |
| | B) | subdivision of the trophoblast into a cellular inner layer and a thick outer layer |
| | C) | burrowing into the endometrium by cells of the syncytiotrophoblast |
| | D) | contact between the blastocyst and pools of nutrients in the uterine glands |
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| 17 | |
The embryoblast portion of the blastocyst is called the bilaminar germinal disc, or |
| | A) | hypoblast |
| | B) | epiblast |
| | C) | trophoblast |
| | D) | blastodisc |
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| 18 | |
The blastocyst is approximately the same size as |
| | A) | a sperm cell |
| | B) | a zygote |
| | C) | a grain of rice |
| | D) | none of the above |
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| 19 | |
Gastrulation begins with the formation of the |
| | A) | primitive streak |
| | B) | hypoblast layer |
| | C) | cytotrophoblast |
| | D) | endoderm layer |
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| 20 | |
The three primary germ layers that form during gastrulation are the |
| | A) | primary, secondary, and tertiary layers |
| | B) | superficial, middle, and deep layers |
| | C) | ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm |
| | D) | epiblast, hypoblast, and periblast |
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| 21 | |
The three extraembryonic membranes are the |
| | A) | blastocyst, morula, and trophoblast |
| | B) | yolk sac, amnion, and chorion |
| | C) | endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm |
| | D) | amnion, body stalk, and yolk stalk |
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| 22 | |
The connecting stalk that attaches the early embryo to the placenta is the precursor to the |
| | A) | umbilical cord |
| | B) | chorionic villi |
| | C) | yolk sac |
| | D) | umbilical vein |
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| 23 | |
Differential growth beginning in the late third and fourth weeks of development results in which of the following? |
| | A) | cephalocaudal folding of the embryo |
| | B) | transverse folding of the embryo |
| | C) | transformation of the flat embryonic disc into a cylindrical embryo |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 24 | |
Which body structures develop from ectoderm? |
| | A) | the epidermis, epidermal derivatives, and nervous system tissue |
| | B) | most components of the urinary, reproductive, and digestive systems |
| | C) | the cardiovascular system, linings of body cavities, and connective tissue |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 25 | |
The inductive process that transforms a flat layer of ectodermal cells into a hollow nervous system tube is called |
| | A) | invagination |
| | B) | neurulation |
| | C) | notochord formation |
| | D) | gastrulation |
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| 26 | |
Which body structures develop from mesoderm? |
| | A) | the notochord and most bone, muscle, and connective tissues |
| | B) | components of the urinary, reproductive, and cardiovascular systems |
| | C) | linings of the body cavities |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 27 | |
All of the following develop from endoderm except |
| | A) | the adrenal cortex, adrenal medulla, and spleen |
| | B) | the thymus, parathyroid glands, and most of the liver |
| | C) | epithelial lining of the respiratory and GI tracts |
| | D) | the gallbladder, pancreas, and thyroid gland |
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| 28 | |
By the end of week 8, the embryo is barely over ____________ long but already has the outward appearance of a human as well as the beginnings of most organ systems. |
| | A) | 3 millimeters |
| | B) | 10 millimeters |
| | C) | 1 inch |
| | D) | 4 inches |
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| 29 | |
Sex organs begin to develop during weeks ____________ of embryogenesis. |
| | A) | 1 to 8 |
| | B) | 9 to 12 |
| | C) | 13 to 16 |
| | D) | 17 to 20 |
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| 30 | |
During the last 30 weeks of prenatal development the unborn organism is called |
| | A) | an embryo |
| | B) | a neonate |
| | C) | a fetus |
| | D) | none of the above |
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