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| 1 | |
Which epidermal layer is found in thick skin only? |
| | A) | stratum basale |
| | B) | stratum spinosum |
| | C) | stratum lucidum |
| | D) | stratum corneum |
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| 2 | |
From the basement membrane outward, the strata of the epidermis are |
| | A) | corneum, granulosum, spinosum, basale |
| | B) | basale, spinosum, granulosum, corneum |
| | C) | lucidum, basale, granulosum, corneum |
| | D) | granulosum, spinosum, basale, corneum |
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| 3 | |
Which of the following are specialized cells found in the deeper layers of the epidermis? |
| | A) | tactile cells |
| | B) | epidermal dendritic cells |
| | C) | melanocytes |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 4 | |
What are the most abundant cells found in the epidermis? |
| | A) | melanocytes |
| | B) | Merkel cells |
| | C) | keratinocytes |
| | D) | Langerhans cells |
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| 5 | |
The epidermis varies within a single individual in which of the following aspects? |
| | A) | thickness, coloration, and skin markings |
| | B) | innervation and blood supply |
| | C) | both a and b |
| | D) | neither a nor b |
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| 6 | |
The terms thick and thin skin refer to the relative thickness of the |
| | A) | entire integument |
| | B) | cutaneous and subcutaneous layers |
| | C) | epidermis only |
| | D) | dermis only |
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| 7 | |
Skin color differences among both individuals and races are mostly the result of |
| | A) | different levels of melanocyte activity |
| | B) | different colors of melanin |
| | C) | different numbers of melanocytes |
| | D) | both a and b |
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| 8 | |
Which of the following makes no significant contribution to skin color? |
| | A) | hemoglobin |
| | B) | keratin |
| | C) | melanin |
| | D) | carotene |
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| 9 | |
Dermal structures that originate from the invagination of the epidermis include |
| | A) | the accessory organs of the integument |
| | B) | sweat and sebaceous glands, nails, and hair |
| | C) | the integumentary appendages |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 10 | |
Which of the following is not a significant possible health benefit of carotene? |
| | A) | protects the skin from harmful radiation in sunlight |
| | B) | helps maintain normal vision when converted into vitamin A |
| | C) | helps eliminate potentially dangerous molecules produced by metabolism |
| | D) | may boost the number and activity of immune cells |
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| 11 | |
Which epidermal pigment protects nuclear DNA by absorbing potentially damaging ultraviolet radiation? |
| | A) | hemoglobin |
| | B) | melanin |
| | C) | carotene |
| | D) | keratin |
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| 12 | |
Limited exposure to ultraviolet radiation is useful because it |
| | A) | protects against most types of skin cancer |
| | B) | reduces swelling in underlying connective tissues |
| | C) | helps epidermal cells convert a steroid to vitamin D3 |
| | D) | stimulates an increase in melanocyte production |
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| 13 | |
The two major regions of the dermis are the superficial ____________ layer and the deeper ____________ layer. |
| | A) | collagenous; elastic |
| | B) | papillary; reticular |
| | C) | reticular; papillary |
| | D) | areolar; adipose |
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| 14 | |
The dermal papillae interlock with deep projections of the epidermis called |
| | A) | epidermal ridges |
| | B) | the papillary layer |
| | C) | desmosomes |
| | D) | tight junctions |
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| 15 | |
Stretch marks, or striae, are the result of |
| | A) | excessive stretching of the epidermis |
| | B) | torn collagen fibers in the dermis |
| | C) | an overabundance of elastic fibers |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 16 | |
Which statement about the subcutaneous layer is false? |
| | A) | it consists of areolar connective tissue and adipose connective tissue |
| | B) | it stabilizes the position of the skin and binds it to the underlying tissues |
| | C) | corresponding to larger body size, it is normally thicker in men than in women |
| | D) | also called the hypodermis or superficial fascia, it is not part of the integument |
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| 17 | |
Both hair and nails are composed mainly of dead cells packed with |
| | A) | melanin |
| | B) | collagen |
| | C) | carotene |
| | D) | keratin |
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| 18 | |
Another name for a hair is |
| | A) | an onychium |
| | B) | a pilus |
| | C) | a nevus |
| | D) | a comedo |
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| 19 | |
All of the following are important functions of human hair except |
| | A) | protecting the scalp from sunburn and injury |
| | B) | preventing entry of foreign particles into the eyes, ears, and nose |
| | C) | providing insulation for the overall body surface |
| | D) | assisting in the dispersal of pheromones |
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| 20 | |
The lunula, eponychium, and hyponychium are all structures associated with a |
| | A) | sweat gland |
| | B) | nail |
| | C) | hair |
| | D) | hair follicle |
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| 21 | |
The connective tissue root sheath and epithelial root sheath are both components of the |
| | A) | hair follicle |
| | B) | hair root |
| | C) | hair bulb |
| | D) | hair papilla |
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| 22 | |
The relatively coarse, pigmented hair of the scalp, eyebrows, and eyelashes is |
| | A) | terminal hair |
| | B) | vellus hair |
| | C) | lanugo |
| | D) | none of the above |
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| 23 | |
Variations in hair color may result from |
| | A) | environmental and hormonal factors |
| | B) | genetic differences in the structure of melanin |
| | C) | an age-related decrease in pigment production |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 24 | |
Hairs in the scalp normally grow |
| | A) | indefinitely, stopping only if the follicle is destroyed |
| | B) | about one-third of a millimeter per day for 2 to 5 years |
| | C) | to a maximum length of 20 inches before shedding |
| | D) | sporadically, with the rate increasing if the hair is cut |
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| 25 | |
Which term describes the skin's normal release of water vapor without noticeable sweat? |
| | A) | sublimation |
| | B) | dehydration |
| | C) | insensible perspiration |
| | D) | sensible perspiration |
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| 26 | |
Which integumentary exocrine glands are distributed over most of the body surface? |
| | A) | sudoriferous and ceruminous glands |
| | B) | lactiferous and apocrine sweat glands |
| | C) | sebaceous and merocrine sweat glands |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 27 | |
Apocrine sweat glands occur in all of the following locations except |
| | A) | the areola |
| | B) | the palms |
| | C) | the axillae |
| | D) | the groin |
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| 28 | |
Which type of gland secretes a lipid material that coats the epidermis and hair shafts to provide lubrication and inhibit bacterial growth? |
| | A) | sebaceous |
| | B) | sudoriferous |
| | C) | eccrine |
| | D) | apocrine |
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| 29 | |
By producing sensible perspiration, merocrine sweat glands assist in |
| | A) | regulating body temperature through evaporation |
| | B) | ridding the body of excess water and electrolytes |
| | C) | protecting against environmental hazards |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 30 | |
The skin of older persons is more easily damaged and slower to heal because |
| | A) | collagen fibers accumulate through time and crowd out protective cells |
| | B) | epidermal dendritic cells proliferate, interfering with the immune response |
| | C) | the epidermis thins as epidermal stem cells decline in number and activity |
| | D) | all of the above |
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