 |
| 1 | |
Functions of cartilage include which of the following? |
| | A) | supporting soft tissues |
| | B) | providing a gliding surface at articulations |
| | C) | providing a model for the formation of most bones |
| | D) | all of the above |
|
|
|
| 2 | |
Which selection correctly pairs the type of cartilage with one of its locations in the body? |
| | A) | hyaline cartilage, trachea |
| | B) | fibrocartilage, epiphyseal plates |
| | C) | elastic cartilage, menisci |
| | D) | hyaline cartilage, epiglottis |
|
|
|
| 3 | |
Fibrocartilage is found in which of these structures? |
| | A) | auricle of the ear and external auditory canal |
| | B) | larynx and articular surfaces of bones |
| | C) | intervertebral discs and pubic symphysis |
| | D) | all of the above |
|
|
|
| 4 | |
Functions of bone include all of the following except |
| | A) | storage of mineral and energy reserves |
| | B) | transport of materials |
| | C) | production of blood cells |
| | D) | support and protection |
|
|
|
| 5 | |
Hemopoiesis is the process of |
| | A) | bone formation |
| | B) | cartilage formation |
| | C) | blood cell production |
| | D) | entrapment of blood vessels by developing bone |
|
|
|
| 6 | |
____________ ossification produces the flat bones of the skull, some of the facial bones, the mandible, and the central part of the clavicle. |
| | A) | endochondral |
| | B) | intramembranous |
| | C) | both a and b |
| | D) | neither a nor b |
|
|
|
| 7 | |
Through the process of endochondral ossification, a fetal ____________ model transforms into bone. |
| | A) | mesenchyme |
| | B) | elastic cartilage |
| | C) | fibrocartilage |
| | D) | hyaline cartilage |
|
|
|
| 8 | |
Which bone cells secrete osteoid (the initial semisolid form of bone matrix)? |
| | A) | osteocytes |
| | B) | osteoprogenitor cells |
| | C) | osteoblasts |
| | D) | osteoclasts |
|
|
|
| 9 | |
Which of the following are components of compact bone, but not of an osteon? |
| | A) | perforating canals and circumferential lamellae |
| | B) | central canal and concentric lamellae |
| | C) | osteocytes, lacunae, and canaliculi |
| | D) | all of the above are parts of an osteon |
|
|
|
| 10 | |
At each end of a long bone is an expanded, knobby region called the |
| | A) | head |
| | B) | metaphysis |
| | C) | diaphysis |
| | D) | epiphysis |
|
|
|
| 11 | |
Long bones such as the humerus have solid external walls of ____________ bone, with ____________ bone found primarily within the epiphyses. |
| | A) | spongy, compact |
| | B) | diploë, circumferential |
| | C) | compact, spongy |
| | D) | none of the above |
|
|
|
| 12 | |
Which of the following does not accurately describe spongy bone? |
| | A) | contains slightly larger osteons than compact bone |
| | B) | composed of parallel lamellae with osteocytes in between |
| | C) | provides great resistance to stresses applied in many directions |
| | D) | forms an open meshwork of narrow plates called trabeculae |
|
|
|
| 13 | |
Yellow bone marrow contains a large proportion of |
| | A) | reticulocytes |
| | B) | fatty tissue |
| | C) | fibroblasts |
| | D) | elastic fibers |
|
|
|
| 14 | |
The endosteum |
| | A) | covers all internal surfaces of a bone, such as the medullary cavity |
| | B) | is active during bone growth, repair, and remodeling |
| | C) | is an incomplete cellular membrane |
| | D) | all of the above |
|
|
|
| 15 | |
All of the following occur during appositional bone growth except |
| | A) | osteoblasts in the periosteum lay down layers of bone matrix |
| | B) | the bone widens as the number of circumferential lamellae increases |
| | C) | growth occurs primarily in the cartilage of the epiphyseal plates |
| | D) | osteoclasts expand the medullary cavity by resorbing bone matrix |
|
|
|
| 16 | |
As with cartilage growth, a long bone's growth in length is called |
| | A) | interstitial growth |
| | B) | appositional growth |
| | C) | osteoid deposition |
| | D) | none of the above |
|
|
|
| 17 | |
Interstitial growth of a bone occurs in the |
| | A) | articular cartilage |
| | B) | epiphyseal plate |
| | C) | diaphyseal line |
| | D) | center of the shaft |
|
|
|
| 18 | |
A typical bone has which of the following major sets of blood vessels? |
| | A) | primary, secondary, and tertiary |
| | B) | Haversian, Volkmann's, and connecting |
| | C) | epiphyseal, metaphyseal, and diaphyseal |
| | D) | nutrient, metaphyseal, and periosteal |
|
|
|
| 19 | |
Which of the following is a thyroid gland hormone that encourages calcium deposition from blood into bone and inhibits osteoclast activity? |
| | A) | growth hormone |
| | B) | somatomedin |
| | C) | calcitonin |
| | D) | thyroid hormone |
|
|
|
| 20 | |
Stimulated by sex hormones, bone growth accelerates dramatically at the time of |
| | A) | birth |
| | B) | puberty |
| | C) | primary ossification |
| | D) | secondary ossification |
|
|
|
| 21 | |
Dietary factors necessary for normal bone growth include |
| | A) | vitamins A, C, and D |
| | B) | vitamins B, E, and calcitonin |
| | C) | both a and b |
| | D) | neither a nor b |
|
|
|
| 22 | |
____________ produce new bone, while ____________ resorb bone. |
| | A) | osteoclasts, osteocytes |
| | B) | osteoblasts, osteoclasts |
| | C) | osteoclasts, osteoblasts |
| | D) | osteocytes, osteoblasts |
|
|
|
| 23 | |
Bone remodeling normally involves which of the following? |
| | A) | changes in bone architecture and the skeleton's total mineral deposits |
| | B) | activity at both the periosteal and endosteal surfaces of a bone |
| | C) | continual deposition and removal of bone tissue |
| | D) | all of the above |
|
|
|
| 24 | |
Aging affects bone tissue in which of the following ways? |
| | A) | tensile strength decreases and bones become brittle |
| | B) | bones demineralize and become thinner and weaker |
| | C) | both of the above |
| | D) | neither of the above |
|
|
|
| 25 | |
What is broken in a Colles fracture? |
| | A) | proximal end of the ulna |
| | B) | neck of the femur |
| | C) | distal end of the radius |
| | D) | surgical neck of the humerus |
|
|
|
| 26 | |
Tiny, seed-shaped bones along the tendons of some muscles are classified as |
| | A) | flat bones |
| | B) | sesamoid bones |
| | C) | short bones |
| | D) | both b and c |
|
|
|
| 27 | |
A typical example of a long bone is the |
| | A) | patella |
| | B) | tibia |
| | C) | ethmoid |
| | D) | sternum |
|
|
|
| 28 | |
Vertebrae are classified as |
| | A) | short bones |
| | B) | long bones |
| | C) | irregular bones |
| | D) | flat bones |
|
|
|
| 29 | |
In flat bones of the skull, a region of ____________ is sandwiched between two layers of compact bone. |
| | A) | diploë |
| | B) | periosteum |
| | C) | yellow bone marrow |
| | D) | both b and c |
|
|
|
| 30 | |
Sensory nerves innervate which parts of a bone? |
| | A) | the bone matrix and marrow cavity |
| | B) | the periosteum and endosteum |
| | C) | both a and b |
| | D) | neither a nor b |
|
|
.