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| 1 | |
A compression fracture resulting from a hard fall would most likely involve the |
| | A) | atlas and axis |
| | B) | last thoracic and first two lumbar vertebrae |
| | C) | last lumbar vertebra and sacrum |
| | D) | sacrum and coccyx |
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| 2 | |
Damage to the temporal bone would most likely impair the sense of |
| | A) | smell |
| | B) | sight |
| | C) | hearing |
| | D) | taste |
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| 3 | |
Which cranial bone articulates with every other cranial bone? |
| | A) | sphenoid |
| | B) | frontal |
| | C) | occipital |
| | D) | ethmoid |
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| 4 | |
The inferior part of the nasal septum is formed by the |
| | A) | inferior nasal conchae |
| | B) | ethmoid bone |
| | C) | palatine bones |
| | D) | vomer |
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| 5 | |
The duct that drains tears into the nasal cavity is most closely associated with which bone? |
| | A) | nasal |
| | B) | ethmoid |
| | C) | maxilla |
| | D) | lacrimal |
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| 6 | |
Of the three pairs of scroll-like ____________ located in the lateral walls of the nasal cavity, only the inferior pair are separate bones. |
| | A) | nasal conchae |
| | B) | nasal bones |
| | C) | paranasal sinuses |
| | D) | lateral appendages |
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| 7 | |
In addition to humidifying and warming inhaled air, the ____________ lining the paranasal sinuses provides protective functions typical of all such tissues. |
| | A) | serous membrane |
| | B) | mucous epithelium |
| | C) | fibrocartilage |
| | D) | areolar connective tissue |
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| 8 | |
All of the following are openings in cranial bones that transmit nerves except |
| | A) | foramen ovale, cribriform foramina |
| | B) | foramen spinosum, infraorbital foramen |
| | C) | optic foramen, stylomastoid foramen |
| | D) | foramen rotundum, hypoglossal canal |
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| 9 | |
Blood vessels pass through all of the following except |
| | A) | carotid canal, foramen magnum |
| | B) | mandibular foramen, mastoid foramen |
| | C) | incisive foramen, inferior orbital fissure |
| | D) | superior orbital fissure, mental foramen |
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| 10 | |
Which of the following sets includes only features of cranial bones? |
| | A) | glabella, sella turcica, hypoglossal canal, zygomatic process |
| | B) | inferior orbital fissure, mastoid process, palatine process |
| | C) | coronoid process, temporal process, styloid process, crista galli |
| | D) | pterygoid spines, mylohyoid line, infraorbital foramen |
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| 11 | |
Shaking one's head from side to side (as in gesturing "no") is the primary action facilitated by the articulation between which bones? |
| | A) | occipital and atlas |
| | B) | vertebrae C2 and C3 |
| | C) | vertebrae C7 and T1 |
| | D) | atlas and axis |
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| 12 | |
Changes in the vertebrae as one moves down the back from C1 through T12 include |
| | A) | the vertebral foramina steadily increase in diameter |
| | B) | the vertebral canal gradually diminishes as the centra enlarge |
| | C) | the transverse processes become progressively shorter |
| | D) | the neural arches increase in diameter as the spinous processes shorten |
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| 13 | |
A prominent feature of the temporal bone is the ____________, a passageway for a major artery that supplies blood to the brain. |
| | A) | jugular foramen |
| | B) | internal auditory canal |
| | C) | carotid canal |
| | D) | mastoid foramen |
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| 14 | |
When does the cranium normally stop growing? |
| | A) | within 3 months after birth |
| | B) | upon closure of the sutures |
| | C) | upon development of the fontanels |
| | D) | between the ages of 5 and 10 years |
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| 15 | |
In vertebral development, the number of separate bone components (secondary ossification centers) actually increases ____________ but then decreases as they fuse into single bones around ____________. |
| | A) | within 3 months after birth; age 10 |
| | B) | until just before birth; puberty |
| | C) | at puberty; age 25 |
| | D) | until the age of 25 years; age 50 |
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| 16 | |
Which bone has no direct articulation with any other? |
| | A) | vomer |
| | B) | inferior nasal concha |
| | C) | sternum |
| | D) | hyoid |
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| 17 | |
The large, fan-shaped muscle that closes the mouth is attached to the ____________ bone and the ____________ of the mandible. |
| | A) | zygomatic; coronoid process |
| | B) | temporal; condylar process |
| | C) | parietal; coronoid process |
| | D) | parietal; condylar process |
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| 18 | |
The secondary or ____________ curves of the vertebral column help shift the weight of the trunk over the legs. |
| | A) | compensation |
| | B) | accommodation |
| | C) | thoracic and sacral |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 19 | |
The last of the sternal components to ossify, and the one most likely to damage the heart or liver if broken, is the |
| | A) | manubrium |
| | B) | xiphoid process |
| | C) | body |
| | D) | gladiolus |
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| 20 | |
Suppose you were given a skull fragment (comprising only the roof of the cranium) and asked to determine the person's age at death. Upon observing that the coronal suture is completely fused and the sagittal suture is fused endocranially but not ectocranially, you could dazzle your colleagues by correctly estimating the age to be |
| | A) | between 15 and 25 years, probably in the early 20s |
| | B) | between 30 and 40 years, probably in the mid-30s |
| | C) | at least 40 years and no older than 45 |
| | D) | at least 50 years, possibly as old as 65 |
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| 21 | |
Which of the following form through a combination of intramembranous and endochondral ossification? |
| | A) | frontal and parietal bones |
| | B) | zygomatic bones and maxillae |
| | C) | occipital and temporal bones |
| | D) | sphenoid bone and ribs |
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| 22 | |
Except for parts of the skull and the ____________, bones of the axial skeleton form almost entirely through ____________ ossification. |
| | A) | sternum; intramembranous |
| | B) | ribs; intramembranous |
| | C) | vertebrae; endochondral |
| | D) | clavicles; endochondral |
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| 23 | |
Which ribs articulate with only one thoracic vertebra each? |
| | A) | ribs 1 and 10-12 |
| | B) | ribs 2-9 and 12 |
| | C) | ribs 1-7 (the true ribs) |
| | D) | ribs 8-12 (the false ribs) |
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| 24 | |
Symptoms of the most commonly herniated intervertebral discs may include any of the following except |
| | A) | neck pain and pain down the upper limb |
| | B) | pain in the chest and difficulty breathing |
| | C) | muscle weakness in the upper limb |
| | D) | low back pain and pain down the lower limb |
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| 25 | |
Which abnormal spinal curvatures distort the vertebral column along the midsagittal plane?
(1) lordosis (2) kyphosis (3) scoliosis |
| | A) | 1 and 3 |
| | B) | 2 and 3 |
| | C) | 1 and 2 |
| | D) | all three |
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