Conrad P. Kottak,
University of Michigan
| advocacy view | of applied anthropology; the belief that precisely because anthropologists are experts on human problems and social change, and because they study, understand, and respect cultural values, they should make policy affecting people.
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| anthropology and education | Anthropological research in classrooms, homes, and neighborhoods, viewing students as total cultural creatures whose enculturation and attitudes toward education belong to a larger context that includes family, peers, and society.
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| applied anthropology | The application of anthropological data, perspectives, theory, and methods to identify, assess, and solve contemporary social problems.
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| cultural resource management (CRM) | The branch of applied archaeology aimed at preserving sites threatened by dams, highways, and other projects.
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| curer | Specialized role acquired through a culturally appropriate process of selection, training, certification, and acquisition of a professional image; the curer is consulted by patients, who believe in his or her special powers, and receives some form of special consideration; a cultural universal.
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| disease | A scientifically identified health threat caused by a bacterium, virus, fungus, parasite, or other pathogen.
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| emotionalistic disease theories | Theories that assume that illness is caused by intense emotional experiences.
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| health-care systems | Beliefs, customs, and specialists concerned with ensuring health and preventing and curing illness; a cultural universal.
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| illness | A condition of poor health perceived or felt by an individual.
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| ivory tower view | of applied anthropology; the belief that anthropologists should avoid practical matters and concentrate on research, publication, and teaching.
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| medical anthropology | Field including biological and cultural, theoretical and applied, anthropologists concerned with the sociocultural context and implications of disease and illness.
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| naturalistic disease theories | Include scientific medicine; theories that explain illness in impersonal systemic terms.
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| personalistic disease theories | Theories that attribute illness to sorcerers, witches, ghosts, or ancestral spirits.
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| practicing anthropologists | Used as a synonym for applied anthropology; anthropologists who practice their profession outside of academia.
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| schizoid view-of applied anthropology | the belief that anthropologists should help carry out, but not make or criticize, policy, and that personal value judgments should be kept strictly separate from scientific investigation in applied anthropology.
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| scientific medicine | As distinguished from Western medicine, a health-care system based on scientific knowledge and procedures, encompassing such fields as pathology, microbiology, biochemistry, surgery, diagnostic technology, and applications.
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2002 McGraw-Hill Higher Education