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1 | |
Which of the following statements about foragers is not true? |
| | A) | They hunt and gather a wide range of plant and animal species. |
| | B) | Most foragers eventually turned to food production. |
| | C) | Modern foragers should be viewed as pristine survivors of the Stone Age. |
| | D) | Most modern foragers live in regions where agriculture is not practicable with simple technology. |
| | E) | All of the above statements about foragers are true. |
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2 | |
Which of the following groups is an example of a foraging society? |
| | A) | Kwakiutl |
| | B) | Yanomamo |
| | C) | The Qashqai |
| | D) | Ifugoa |
| | E) | Basseri |
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3 | |
Fictive kinship refers to: |
| | A) | those relationships that cause friction within a lineage |
| | B) | a descent group whose members demonstrate their common descent |
| | C) | a descent group whose members claim, but do not demonstrate their common descent |
| | D) | personal relationships modeled on kinship between people who do not share a common ancestor |
| | E) | All of the above statements about fictive kinship are true. |
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4 | |
Which of the following factors of production does horticulture make intensive use of? |
| | A) | land |
| | B) | labor |
| | C) | capital |
| | D) | machinery |
| | E) | Horticulture does not make intensive use of any of the above factors of production. |
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5 | |
Which of the following is commonly found in both horticultural and nonindustrial agricultural societies? |
| | A) | irrigation |
| | B) | slash-and-burn techniques to clear land |
| | C) | terracing |
| | D) | use of domestic animals for transportation, cultivating machines, and manure |
| | E) | None of the above are commonly found in both horticultural and nonindustrial agricultural societies. |
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6 | |
How does irrigation increase the agricultural productivity of a region? |
| | A) | Irrigation permits farming in regions where there is not enough rain to practice dry farming. |
| | B) | Irrigation enriches the soil as it creates and maintains unique ecosystems with several plants and animals. |
| | C) | Irrigation permits farmers to schedule their planting in advance. |
| | D) | Irrigation protects farmers against the seasonal and annual fluctuations in rainfall. |
| | E) | All of the above statements explain how irrigation increases the agricultural productivity of a region. |
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7 | |
Agriculture is characterized by all of the following except: |
| | A) | the use of terraces |
| | B) | irrigation systems |
| | C) | the use of domestic animals |
| | D) | the use of a fallow period |
| | E) | intensive cultivation |
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8 | |
Which of the following is not an environmental effect of intensive agriculture? |
| | A) | deforestation |
| | B) | concentration of organic wastes |
| | C) | increased environmental diversity |
| | D) | increased environmental uniformity |
| | E) | All of the above are environmental effects of intensive agriculture. |
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9 | |
The mode of production refers to: |
| | A) | The way in which production is organized. |
| | B) | The major productive resources of an economy including the land, labor, technology, and capital. |
| | C) | The rational allocation of scarce resources to alternative ends. |
| | D) | The profit-oriented system principle of exchange in which goods and services are bought and sold, and values are determined by supply and demand. |
| | E) | The exchange between social equals. |
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10 | |
What is redistribution? |
| | A) | The exchange of goods, services, and resources with nothing expected in return. |
| | B) | The exchange of goods, services, and resources based on values determined by supply and demand. |
| | C) | The movement of goods, services, and resources from the local level to a central administrative location, then back to the local level. |
| | D) | The movement of goods, services, and resources between social equals. |
| | E) | All of the above statements refer to redistribution. |
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11 | |
What is a replacement fund? |
| | A) | The time and energy devoted to replacing the calories used during a person's daily activity. |
| | B) | The time and energy devoted to maintaining items essential to production. |
| | C) | The time and energy devoted to help friends, relatives, in-laws, and neighbors. |
| | D) | The time and energy devoted to the performance of rituals. |
| | E) | The time and energy a person must render to a superior individual or agency for access to land. |
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12 | |
What is the market principle? |
| | A) | The movement of goods, services, and resources from the local level to a central administrative location, then back to the local level. |
| | B) | The exchange of goods, services, and resources between social equals. |
| | C) | The rational allocation of scarce means to alternative ends. |
| | D) | The exchange of goods, services, and resources in a marketplace. |
| | E) | The use of money to buy and sell things at prices determined by supply and demand. |
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13 | |
With which kind of reciprocity is something given and nothing expected in return? |
| | A) | negative reciprocity |
| | B) | generalized reciprocity |
| | C) | specialized reciprocity |
| | D) | balanced reciprocity |
| | E) | market reciprocity |
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14 | |
Which of the following statements about negative reciprocity is not true? |
| | A) | Negative reciprocity usually involves dealing with people outside or on the fringes of a social system. |
| | B) | Silent trade is an example of negative reciprocity. |
| | C) | Stealing is an extreme form of negative reciprocity. |
| | D) | Negative reciprocity cannot be practiced by a society that already practices generalized reciprocity. |
| | E) | Negative reciprocity involves the attempt to get something for as little as possible. |
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15 | |
How did potlatching change with the arrival of European traders in the North Pacific Coast of North America? |
| | A) | The wealth of the groups involved increased as they were flooded with a wide range of European goods. |
| | B) | The increase in wealth was distributed among a drastically reduced population as diseases brought by the Europeans killed off large portions of the indigenous communities. |
| | C) | The right to give a potlatch was no longer restricted to chiefs and their families. |
| | D) | The potlatch became focused more on the destruction of items than on the distribution of them. |
| | E) | All of the above are changes that took place with the arrival of European traders in the North Pacific Coast of North America. |
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2002 McGraw-Hill Higher Education