Multiple Choice Quiz 1

Multiple Choice Quiz 1
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1	The structural and functional unit of all living organisms is the
		A)	ribosome
		B)	cell
		C)	organ
		D)	organelle


2	When a cell is observed with a compound light microscope, which of the following structures will be seen?
		A)	carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins
		B)	cell membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus
		C)	DNA and RNA
		D)	all cytoplasmic organelles


3	To study the smallest organelles and cellular components of cells _______________ is/are used.
		A)	x-rays
		B)	flashlights
		C)	the transmission electron microscope (TEM)
		D)	the compound light microscope


4	The fluid mosaic model is a theory for the structure of
		A)	microtubules
		B)	microfilaments
		C)	the DNA molecule
		D)	the plasma membrane


5	Communication between cells occurs when chemical messengers from one cell bind to _______ on another cell.
		A)	channel proteins
		B)	marker molecules
		C)	receptor molecules
		D)	second messengers


6	Which one among the following describes the function of the cell membrane or plasma membrane?
		A)	Cell membrane separates the cell from its external environment.
		B)	Plasma membrane gives the cell a definite size and shape.
		C)	Plasma membrane controls the movement of molecules from one side of the cell to the other.
		D)	All of the above are the functions of cell membrane.


7	Basic skeleton of the plasma membrane is formed by
		A)	strong muscles
		B)	bilayered phospholipid structure
		C)	water insoluble tails that face the exterior of the membrane
		D)	cholesterol and glucose


8	Proteins of the plasma membrane serve all of the following functions except
		A)	pumping water out of the cell
		B)	breaking down hormones
		C)	serving as carriers for large molecule transportation
		D)	binding to neurotransmitters


9	Which of the following best approximates the diameter of a typical human cell?
		A)	1-2 mm
		B)	20 µ m
		C)	2-3 µ m
		D)	50 nm


10	In some tissues, cells are tightly packed and their cell membranes are connected by the structure known as the
		A)	intercellular junction
		B)	synapse
		C)	plasma membrane
		D)	glycoprotein


11	The fluid-mosaic model of the plasma membrane suggests that
		A)	cholesterols are always bad in nature
		B)	some proteins are free to move laterally through the membrane
		C)	phospholipids form a single lipid layer in the center of the membrane
		D)	the membrane has rigidity and flexibility


12	Cell adhesion molecules (CAM) are
		A)	extensions of the lysosomal membrane
		B)	modified structure to function as sensory receptors
		C)	proteins that help in the interaction between cells
		D)	external projections supported by microtubules


13	The plasma membrane is selectively permeable. This means that
		A)	only gasses and water can pass through it
		B)	small molecules can enter the cells
		C)	only certain substances can pass into or out of the cell
		D)	substances need carrier molecules to pass through it


14	Which of the following is CORRECTLY matched with its function?
		A)	channel proteins - are part for new protein synthesization
		B)	marker molecules - are primarily steroids
		C)	receptor molecules - attach to ligand molecules
		D)	peripheral proteins - penetrate the lipid bilayer from one surface to the other


15	The second most abundant of the lipids in the plasma membrane is
		A)	glycolipids
		B)	saturated fats
		C)	cholesterol
		D)	phospholipids


16	When a sperm cell comes into contact with an egg cell, there is a change in the electrical charge across the plasma membrane and various channel proteins close. These channels would be called
		A)	open-gated channels
		B)	chemical-gated channels
		C)	voltage-gated channels
		D)	ligand-gated channels


17	Osmosis is the diffusion of _______ across a selectively permeable membrane.
		A)	urea
		B)	oxygen
		C)	water
		D)	sodium


18	Which of the following statements concerning transport across the plasma membrane is true?
		A)	Polar molecules are transported more easily than nonpolar molecules.
		B)	Lipid-soluble substances pass through the membrane by dissolving in the lipid bilayer.
		C)	Water cannot move through the plasma membrane.
		D)	Generally, cations pass through the membrane more easily than anions.


19	When molecules move from the area of lower concentration to the area of higher concentration and energy is used, it is called
		A)	filtration
		B)	osmosis
		C)	active transport
		D)	passive transport


20	The aroma of a cake baking in the kitchen reaches the living room. The distribution of this odor throughout the house is an example of
		A)	simple diffusion
		B)	dialysis
		C)	osmosis
		D)	active transport


21	Which of the following will increase the rate of diffusion? An increase in the
		A)	viscosity of the solvent
		B)	the distance the molecules have to travel
		C)	molecular weight of the diffusing particles
		D)	temperature


22	What change/s occur when red blood cells are placed in a hypertonic solution?
		A)	red blood cells gain water
		B)	red blood cells lose water and shrink
		C)	red blood cells neither gain nor lose water
		D)	concentration of sodium increases within the cells


23	The movement of a solution across a plasma membrane because of a pressure gradient is called
		A)	diffusion
		B)	filtration
		C)	facilitated diffusion
		D)	active transport


24	The movement of oxygen from a higher concentration in the lungs to a lower concentration in the blood stream is an example of
		A)	diffusion
		B)	osmosis
		C)	active transport
		D)	bulk transport


25	The greater the concentration of a solute in a solution, the greater the
		A)	tendency for water to diffuse from the solution
		B)	osmotic pressure of the solution
		C)	number of carrier molecules present
		D)	rate of the active transport


26	0.9% NaCl solution (saline) is isotonic to a cell, while seawater is
		A)	hypertonic to the cell
		B)	isotonic to the cell
		C)	hypotonic to the cell
		D)	All of the above.


27	The sodium-potassium pump located in the plasma membrane
		A)	actively moves potassium into cells
		B)	osmotically moves sodium into cells
		C)	actively transports water out of cells
		D)	moves chlorine out of cells


28	Cyanide stops the production of ATP. Which of the following processes would be affected?
		A)	simple diffusion
		B)	osmosis
		C)	active transport
		D)	facilitated diffusion


29	The process of pinocytosis,
		A)	is a form of exocytosis
		B)	involves ingestion of liquids rather than particles
		C)	does not require ATP
		D)	forms vesicles only when large amounts of material are being transported


30	What characteristic is shared by simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion?
		A)	Both require cellular energy for the transport of substances.
		B)	Both involve the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane.
		C)	Both require a special carrier molecule to move substances across the membrane.
		D)	Both involve the movement of a substance from regions of a higher concentration to lower concentration without cellular energy.


31	In simple diffusion, the rate at which a solute passes through a membrane depends on all of the following EXCEPT the
		A)	surface area of the membrane
		B)	number of carriers in the membrane
		C)	temperature of the solution
		D)	concentration difference from one side of the membrane to the other


32	If a carrier protein were to move both hydrogen and chloride ions from the inside of a cell to the extracellular fluid, and consume ATP in the process, it would be considered a(n)
		A)	symport system
		B)	voltage-gated ion channel
		C)	facilitated diffusion system
		D)	antiport system


33	All of the following processes can move substances out of a cell EXCEPT
		A)	exocytosis
		B)	simple diffusion
		C)	active transport
		D)	phagocytosis


34	Many gland cells release their secretions by means of _______, a process somewhat like reverse endocytosis.
		A)	exocytosis
		B)	phagocytosis
		C)	receptor-mediated endocytosis
		D)	fluid-phase pinocytosis


35	White blood cells engulf foreign particles by means of
		A)	macrocytosis
		B)	pinocytosis
		C)	exocytosis
		D)	phagocytosis


36	Organelles are distinguished from inclusions in that organelles are _______, whereas inclusions are _______.
		A)	functional structures; storage sites for chemical substances
		B)	small organs; vital sites where important functions occur
		C)	nonfunctional structures; functional structures
		D)	masses of chemicals non essential to life; masses of chemicals vital to life


37	Which of the following cellular components is nonliving?
		A)	mitochondria
		B)	nucleus
		C)	cytoplasm
		D)	none of these are alive


38	Which of the following is a nonmembranous organelle?
		A)	a mitochondrion
		B)	the rough endoplasmic reticulum
		C)	a centriole
		D)	a lysosome


39	Cells dispose of worn-out organelles by a process called
		A)	autophagy
		B)	exocytosis
		C)	cytolysis
		D)	apoptosis


40	_______ is enclosed in double membranes with cristae extending inward from the inner membrane.
		A)	The nuclear envelope
		B)	A mitochondrion
		C)	The lysosome
		D)	The smooth endoplasmic reticulum


41	Endoplasmic reticulum with ribosomes attached to it is called
		A)	smooth ER
		B)	dendritic ER
		C)	nodular ER
		D)	rough ER


42	Which function is associated with the rough endoplasmic reticulum?
		A)	ATP synthesis
		B)	protein synthesis
		C)	DNA synthesis
		D)	active transport


43	What organelle is most active in causing programmed cell death?
		A)	the lysosomes
		B)	the rough endoplasmic reticulum
		C)	the centriole
		D)	the nucleus


44	Muscle cells contain numerous _______ because of their high demand for ATP.
		A)	ribosomes
		B)	lysosomes
		C)	mitochondria
		D)	microtubules


45	What function would immediately cease if the ribosomes of a cell were destroyed?
		A)	exocytosis
		B)	active transport
		C)	ciliary beating
		D)	protein synthesis


46	When a white blood cell engulfs a foreign particle with its pseudopods, it traps the particle in a bubble called a _______ in its cytoplasm.
		A)	pinocytotic vesicle
		B)	vacuole
		C)	clathrin-coated vesicle
		D)	secretory vesicle


47	Which one among the following statements about organelles is true?
		A)	They are extracellular structures.
		B)	They are part of the cell membrane.
		C)	Depending on the particular cell function, organelles vary in number and type.
		D)	They generally lack membranes.


48	Which of the following organelles have their structure and function accurately described?
		A)	Vesicles - membranous sacs; contain various substances that recently entered or formed in the cell
		B)	Microfilaments - tiny rods of protein (actin); cause cellular movement
		C)	Microtubules - long, slender tubes of globular protein (tubulin); form internal skeleton of cell
		D)	all of the above are properly matched


49	The function of the Golgi apparatus is
		A)	packaging and distribution of proteins and lipids
		B)	production of microtubules
		C)	excretion of excess salt
		D)	DNA replication


50	If you compare a cell with a manufacturing plant that exports goods, the cell's _______ could be compared to the manufacturing plant's shipping department.
		A)	nucleus
		B)	lysosome
		C)	golgi apparatus
		D)	endoplasmic reticulum


51	The organelle that protects cells from the damaging effects of medications and toxins is the
		A)	ribosome
		B)	microtubule
		C)	secretory vesicle
		D)	smooth endoplasmic reticulum


52	A cell uses centrioles in the process of
		A)	cell division
		B)	energy generation
		C)	protein synthesis
		D)	RNA replication


53	A cell with abundant peroxisomes would most likely be involved in
		A)	secretion
		B)	storage of glycogen
		C)	detoxification activities
		D)	cellular communication


54	Organelles in the cytoplasm are embedded in a semitransparent matrix called
		A)	cisternae
		B)	intracellular support
		C)	cytosol
		D)	cytoplasm


55	Tay-Sachs disease involves a cellular defect in
		A)	membrane structure
		B)	lysosomal enzymes
		C)	ciliary activity
		D)	mitotic spindles


56	_______ are the only type of cells where flagella are found.
		A)	Sperm
		B)	Hair
		C)	Cilia
		D)	Neuron


57	Cells of the small intestine and kidney tubule have a "brush border" composed of _______, which are cell extensions that increase surface area.
		A)	cilia
		B)	hairs
		C)	rugae
		D)	microvilli


58	Cilia and flagella are distinguished from each other on the basis of
		A)	width and numbers
		B)	length and numbers
		C)	depth and numbers
		D)	length and width


59	The building blocks of DNA and RNA found in the nucleus of the cell are known as the
		A)	monosaccharides
		B)	nucleotides
		C)	amino acids
		D)	triglycerides


60	The "control center" of the cell is the
		A)	nucleus
		B)	ribosome