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1 | |
Milgram's obedience study was purportedly an experiment on __________. |
| | A) | shock and memory |
| | B) | learning and shock. |
| | C) | mistakes and learning |
| | D) | memory and learning |
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2 | |
Which of the following is NOT one of the three basic ethical principles in the Belmont Report? |
| | A) | beneficence |
| | B) | respect for persons |
| | C) | plagiarism |
| | D) | justice |
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3 | |
To be assured that research procedures have minimized risk to participants, a ___________ must be done before research can be approved. |
| | A) | plus-minus analysis |
| | B) | cost-reward analysis |
| | C) | risk-benefit analysis |
| | D) | pro-con analysis |
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4 | |
Potential risks to the participants in a study include such factors as __________. |
| | A) | physical harm and psychological harm. |
| | B) | psychological harm and loss of confidentiality. |
| | C) | loss of confidentiality and loss of anonymity. |
| | D) | loss of confidentiality, psychological harm and physical harm. |
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5 | |
In some cases, the risks entailed with loss of confidentiality are so great that researchers may wish to apply for a Certificate of Confidentiality from the __________. |
| | A) | U.S. Department of Health and Human Services |
| | B) | American Medical Association |
| | C) | American Psychological Association |
| | D) | Institutional Review Board |
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6 | |
Informed consent forms should be written in __________. |
| | A) | the first person. |
| | B) | specific technical terminology |
| | C) | a sixth to eighth grade level |
| | D) | legalistic terms. |
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7 | |
Any procedure that limits an individual's freedom to consent to participate in a study can be __________. |
| | A) | a violation of confidentiality. |
| | B) | potentially coercive. |
| | C) | approved by the IRB. |
| | D) | justified. |
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8 | |
Which of the following is TRUE about the informed consent procedure? |
| | A) | It may bias the sample and limit generalizability of the results. |
| | B) | It may encourage participants to ask for payment. |
| | C) | It may set the stage for realistic behavior in research. |
| | D) | It may decrease perceptions of control. |
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9 | |
Which of the following is NOT a reason for the decrease in the type of elaborate deception used in the Milgram study? |
| | A) | Most researchers are more interested in emotions rather than cognitive variables. |
| | B) | The general level of awareness of ethical issues related to the use of deception. |
| | C) | Ethics committees are likely to approve deception for important research in which there are no alternative procedures. |
| | D) | both a and c |
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10 | |
If researchers withhold information, use deception, and/or there is a potential for harmful effects on participations, a(n) _______ must be done. |
| | A) | inquiry |
| | B) | debriefing |
| | C) | detoxing |
| | D) | dehoaxing |
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11 | |
Three alternative procedures to deception in research are __________. |
| | A) | honest, role-playing and simulation studies. |
| | B) | situation, role-playing and reality studies. |
| | C) | honest, situation and reality studies. |
| | D) | simulation, situation and reality studies. |
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12 | |
The Stanford Prison Experiment is an example of a __________ study. |
| | A) | honest |
| | B) | role-playing |
| | C) | reality |
| | D) | simulation |
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13 | |
According to the justice principle defined in the Belmont Report, any decision to include or exclude certain people from a research study must be __________. |
| | A) | approved by the American Psychological Association Ethics Committee. |
| | B) | justified on scientific grounds. |
| | C) | equal and fair to all participating. |
| | D) | approved by the Judicial Committee fhe Belmont Agency. |
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14 | |
Which of the following statements is TRUE? |
| | A) | The actual rules and regulations for the protection of human research participants were issued by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. |
| | B) | Every institution that receives federal funds must have an Institutional Review Board. |
| | C) | Research in which there is no risk is exempt from an IRB review. |
| | D) | All the above. |
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15 | |
The APA Ethics Code has __________ principles and __________ ethical standards. |
| | A) | five; 10 |
| | B) | 10; three |
| | C) | three; five |
| | D) | four; 13 |
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16 | |
All institutions in which animal research is carried out must have an Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee that is __________. |
| | A) | charged with reviewing animal research procedures. |
| | B) | composed of one scientist, one veterinarian, and a community member. |
| | C) | charged with ensuring that all regulations are adhered to. |
| | D) | All the above. |
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