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1 | |
"Setting the stage" refers to introducing __________. |
| | A) | introducing the variables and their operational definitions in terms of their set of operations |
| | B) | introducing the operationalized independent and dependent variables within the context of the total experimental setting |
| | C) | introducing the variables using straightforward manipulations and addressing deception |
| | D) | None of the above. |
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2 | |
An educational psychologist wanted to know if second grade students were more accurate solving math problems when the teacher presented the problem in a non-verbal picture form compared to a verbal story form. Students were randomly assigned to conditions and the results revealed more correct answers in the non-verbal condition. What type of manipulation did the researcher use? |
| | A) | staged manipulation |
| | B) | conditional manipulation |
| | C) | straightforward manipulation |
| | D) | event manipulation |
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3 | |
Which type of manipulation frequently employs a confederate? |
| | A) | staged manipulation |
| | B) | straightforward manipulation |
| | C) | strong manipulation |
| | D) | Both a and c. |
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4 | |
What are the three general types of a dependent variable used in most experiments? |
| | A) | self-report, behavioral, physiological |
| | B) | psychological, self-report, behavioral |
| | C) | biological, psychological, behavioral |
| | D) | observational, physiological, behavioral |
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5 | |
Researchers conducted a memory experiment in which participants were randomly assigned to review a short list of simple words in one of three conditions: running in place, skipping in place, or hopping in place. Results revealed participants in all three conditions recalled all the words on the list. Most likely a __________ can explain these results. |
| | A) | roof effect |
| | B) | floor effect |
| | C) | ceiling effect |
| | D) | base effect |
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6 | |
When the independent variable has the same effect on several measures of the same dependent variable, __________. |
| | A) | there is stronger external validity |
| | B) | it generates a lack of confidence in the findings |
| | C) | it suggests the operational definition is very weak |
| | D) | confidence in the results is increased |
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7 | |
Any feature of an experiment that might inform a participant of the purpose of the study is called a __________. |
| | A) | filter characteristic |
| | B) | demand characteristic |
| | C) | faking characteristic |
| | D) | Both a and b |
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8 | |
A placebo group is added to an experiment to control __________. |
| | A) | demand characteristics |
| | B) | experimenter bias |
| | C) | participants' expectations |
| | D) | selection bias |
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9 | |
Which of the following is a way of minimizing expectancy effects? |
| | A) | Run all the conditions of the experiment simultaneously. |
| | B) | Use a cover story to conceal the true purpose of the study. |
| | C) | Add a placebo group to the experimental design. |
| | D) | Use a single-blind experiment. |
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10 | |
A __________ allows the researcher to know if the instructions are clear, if the total experimental setting is plausible, whether there are any confusing questions, and other information. |
| | A) | manipulation check |
| | B) | pilot study |
| | C) | pretest only design |
| | D) | Both a and b. |
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11 | |
The case of Clever Hans is an example of the problem of ___________. |
| | A) | demand characteristics |
| | B) | placebo effects |
| | C) | expectancy effects |
| | D) | participant bias |
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12 | |
In a __________ study, neither the participant nor the experimenter knows whether the placebo or actual treatment is given. |
| | A) | single-blind |
| | B) | double-blind |
| | C) | fully-blinded |
| | D) | condition-blind |
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13 | |
Researchers communicate their research to others as __________ or ___________. |
| | A) | manuscripts; articles in scientific magazines |
| | B) | scientific books; community forums about scientific discoveries |
| | C) | peer-reviewed journal articles; papers at scientific meetings |
| | D) | popular press; literary digests |
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14 | |
Which of the following is an example of a behavioral measure of behavior? |
| | A) | reaction time |
| | B) | perceived extroversion |
| | C) | galvanic skin response (GSR) |
| | D) | Both a and c |
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15 | |
A research paper that is submitted to a journal is __________ to make sure it has a careful external review before it is either rejected for publication or published. |
| | A) | literary-reviewed |
| | B) | manuscript-reviewed |
| | C) | expert-reviewed |
| | D) | peer-reviewed |
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