How to Design and Evaluate Research in Education, 5/e

Jack R. Fraenkel, San Francisco State University
Norman E. Wallen, San Francisco State University

Correlational Research

Chapter Outline

The Nature of Correlational Research

Purposes of Correlational Research

Explanatory Studies
Prediction Studies
More Complex Correlational Techniques

Basic Steps in Correlational Research

Problem Selection
Sample
Instruments
Design and Procedures
Data Collection
Data Analysis and Interpretation

What do Correlation Coefficients Tell Us?

Threats to Internal Validity in Correlational Research

Subject Characteristics
Location
Instrumentation
Testing
Mortality

Evaluating Threats to Internal Validity in Correlational Studies

An example of Correlational Research

Analysis of the Study

Purpose/Justification
Definitions
Prior Research
Hypotheses
Sample
Instrumentation
Procedures/Internal validity
Data Analysis
Results and Discussion

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