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How to Design and Evaluate Research in Education Book Cover
How to Design and Evaluate Research in Education, 5/e
Jack R. Fraenkel, San Francisco State University
Norman E. Wallen, San Francisco State University
Causal-Comparative Research

Chapter Outline


What is Causal-Comparative Research?

Similarities and Differences between Causal-Comparative and Correlational Research
Similarities and Differences between Causal-Comparative and Experimental Research

Steps Involved in Causal-Comparative Research

Problem Formulation
Sample
Instrumentation
Design

Threats to Internal Validity in Causal-Comparative Research

Subject Characteristics
Other Threats

Evaluating Threats to Internal Validity in Causal-Comparative Studies

Data Analysis

Associations between Categorical Variables

An Example of Causal-Comparative Research

Analysis of the Study

Purpose/Justification
Definitions
Prior Research
Hypotheses
Sample
Instrumentation
Procedures/Internal Validity
Data Analysis
Results
Discussion








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