| Aurignacian | A lithic tool technology associated
with anatomically modern human beings in Europe
dating from 34,000 to 27,000 years ago. Includes
long, narrow blade tools.
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| blade | A long, thin stone flake, commonly twice as
long as it is wide, that represents an efficient use of
stone, producing a high proportion of edge for the
amount (weight) of stone used.
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| Châtelperronian | A lithic technology that includes
the use of blades and appears to be intermediate in
form and time between Mousterian and Aurignacian.
Associated with some late populations of Neandertals
following contact with modern Homo
sapiens.
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| DNA | (deoxyribonucleic acid) The genetic code; the
genetic instructions for each life-form on the
planet.
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| gene flow | The movement and exchange of genetic
material among populations of a species through
interbreeding.
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| gene pool | All of the genetic variants in a population.
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| mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) | Genetic material located
in the mitochondria of cells. Analysis of
mtDNA has proven useful in assessing evolutionary
relationships among existing species.
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| multiregional (regional continuity) model | The
view that anatomically modern Homo sapiens
evolved from premodern humans in several regions
simultaneously.
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| nuclear DNA | The genetic instructions contained in
the nucleus of the cell that determine the biological
makeup of the organism.
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| replacement model | The view that anatomically
modern Homo sapiens evolved from premodern
humans in one place at one time (usually Africa
between 100,000 and 200,000 years ago) and
spread out from that point of origin, replacing premodern
human beings as they encountered them
especially in Asia and Europe.
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2003 McGraw-Hill Higher Education