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1 | |
Which of the following is a property of mitochondrial DNA? |
| | A) | It is shaped in a double helix. |
| | B) | mitochondria code for only about 37 genes. |
| | C) | It contains the coding for over 100,000 genes. |
| | D) | It serves as the blueprint for an individual. |
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2 | |
When tracking genetic heritage why do biologists prefer to study Mitochondrial DNA? |
| | A) | It is inherited only through the female line. |
| | B) | It codes for a much shorter sequence of genetic instructions. |
| | C) | It can be used to time the evolutionary changes in species. |
| | D) | All the above. |
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3 | |
The view that anatomically modern Homo sapiens evolved from premodern humans in several regions simultaneously is called: |
| | A) | the replacement model. |
| | B) | the multiregional model. |
| | C) | the middle-ground model. |
| | D) | descent with modification. |
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4 | |
The view that the first anatomically modern human beings spread out from Africa and extinct forms of human beings have contributed nothing to the evolution of modern humanity is called: |
| | A) | the replacement model. |
| | B) | the multiregional model. |
| | C) | the middle-ground model. |
| | D) | descent with modification. |
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5 | |
In the multiregional model what was occurring that kept the archaics a single, variable species? |
| | A) | extinction |
| | B) | migration |
| | C) | gene flow |
| | D) | All the above. |
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6 | |
If the multiregional model is correct what should we expect to find in the fossil record? |
| | A) | The oldest anatomically modern human fossils should be found in Africa and nowhere else. |
| | B) | Outside of Africa, the emigrant moderns should be contemporaries of indigenous archaics until the nonmodern humans become extinct. |
| | C) | Local skeletal traits should show continuity between archaic and modern humans because in each region local archaics evolved into modern people. |
| | D) | Anatomically modern humans should be genetically distinct from premoderns. |
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7 | |
If the replacement model is correct what should we expect to find in the fossil record? |
| | A) | There should be anatomical continuity only in Africa. |
| | B) | Early versions of anatomically modern Homo sapiens should be found in many different regions. |
| | C) | Intermediate forms-advanced premoderns- should be found in each region, since evolution from premodern to modern occurred everywhere. |
| | D) | Because local archaics are everywhere ancestral to modern humans in their regions, there should be no or very little chronological overlap between the archaic and modern forms. |
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8 | |
If the middle ground between the replacement model and the multiregional model were correct what should we expect to find in the fossil record? |
| | A) | The oldest anatomically modern human fossils should be found in Africa and nowhere else. |
| | B) | Outside of Africa, at least in some areas, there should be chronological overlap between indigenous premodern humans and emigrant moderns. |
| | C) | There should not be a distinct break between premodern and modern forms. |
| | D) | All the above. |
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9 | |
Which tool technology is associated with modern human beings? |
| | A) | Aurignacian |
| | B) | Chatelperronian |
| | C) | Acheulean |
| | D) | Mousterian |
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10 | |
Which tool technology appears to be have evolved after Neandertals had contact with modern Homo sapiens? |
| | A) | Aurignacian |
| | B) | Chatelperronian |
| | C) | Acheulean |
| | D) | Mousterian |
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11 | |
Which model does the discovery of the above stone tool technology support? |
| | A) | the replacement model. |
| | B) | the multiregional model. |
| | C) | the middle-ground model. |
| | D) | descent with modification. |
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12 | |
For approximately how long did anatomically modern looking human beings share surroundings in Southwest Asia with Neandertals? |
| | A) | 10,000 years |
| | B) | 40,000-60,000 years |
| | C) | 20,000 years |
| | D) | 80,000-100,000 years |
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13 | |
Which of the following statements is correct? |
| | A) | The mtDNA of ancient, anatomically modern human beings is more similar to Neandertals than to modern human beings. |
| | B) | The mtDNA of Neandertals is more similar to modern human beings than is the mtDNA of ancient, anatomically modern human beings. |
| | C) | The mtDNA of ancient, anatomically modern human beings is more similar to modern human beings than it is to Neandertals. |
| | D) | None of the above. |
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14 | |
Which group of modern humans exhibits the highest degree of diversity within their mtDNA? |
| | A) | Americans |
| | B) | Europeans |
| | C) | Asians |
| | D) | Africans |
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15 | |
What is one general conclusion based on the above question and answer? |
| | A) | Modern human beings must have evolved relatively recently and from one area. |
| | B) | A lack of diversity across widely separated populations indicates a lack of time for this diversity to have developed. |
| | C) | None of the above. |
| | D) | Both A and B. |
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16 | |
Which model does the Y-chromosome study, which shows that modern human beings can be traced back to Africa, support? |
| | A) | the replacement model. |
| | B) | the multiregional model. |
| | C) | the middle-ground model. |
| | D) | descent with modification. |
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17 | |
Cracks on the end of long bones that result from dietary deficiencies during the developing years are called: |
| | A) | Movius lines. |
| | B) | Harris lines. |
| | C) | cylinder seals. |
| | D) | diastema. |
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18 | |
In a study by Erik Trinkaus and D.D. Thompson what fraction of Neandertals in a sample of 246 died before reaching adulthood? |
| | A) | 1 out of 2 |
| | B) | 2 out of 4 |
| | C) | 1 out of 10 |
| | D) | 4 out of 10 |
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19 | |
Which of the following is a factor in the extinction of the Neandertals. |
| | A) | They were specialized for an environment that suddenly changed. |
| | B) | The children suffered far more physical stress than did their anatomically modern contemporaries. |
| | C) | The Neandertal body type requires vast amounts of calories that might not have been available in the Ice Age. |
| | D) | All the above. |
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20 | |
The key factor to the survival of anatomically modern human beings is: |
| | A) | the stone hearths that retained heat. |
| | B) | the tailored cold-weather clothing. |
| | C) | the ability to adapt. |
| | D) | the ability to extract as much nutrition as possible out of animals. |
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2003 McGraw-Hill Higher Education