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1 | |
The typical variable(s) that constitute(s) the overload in an endurance training program include(s) |
| | A) | intensity. |
| | B) | duration. |
| | C) | frequency. |
| | D) | all of the above. |
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2 | |
Individuals that begin endurance training programs with high VO2max values show ______ improvements in VO2max in the range of ______ after two to three months. |
| | A) | 2 to 3% |
| | B) | 15 to 20% |
| | C) | 25 to 30% |
| | D) | 20 to 25% |
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3 | |
Individuals that begin endurance training programs with low VO2max values show ______ improvements in VO2max in the range of ______ after two to three months. |
| | A) | 10% to 20% |
| | B) | 20% to 30% |
| | C) | 30% to 50% |
| | D) | 50% to 60% |
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4 | |
Which of the following VO2max values would be representative of a male cross country skier? |
| | A) | 18 ml/kg/min |
| | B) | 50 ml/kg/min |
| | C) | 84 ml/kg/min |
| | D) | 67 ml/kg/min |
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5 | |
Which of the following VO2max values would be representative of individuals suffering from severe pulmonary disease? |
| | A) | 5 ml/kg/min |
| | B) | 13 ml/kg/min |
| | C) | 25 ml/kg/min |
| | D) | none of the above |
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6 | |
Which of the following formulas could be used to calculate VO2max? |
| | A) | HR max x SV max x (a-v O2 difference) max |
| | B) | HR x SV x (a-v O2 difference) |
| | C) | HR x SV x (a-v O2 difference) max |
| | D) | none of the above |
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7 | |
Cross sectional comparisons of groups differing in their level of habitual activity have shown that ______ is the variable that is the prime determinant of VO2max. |
| | A) | number of mitochondria |
| | B) | heart rate |
| | C) | stroke volume |
| | D) | a-v O2 difference |
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8 | |
Longitudinal studies have shown that training causes an increase in VO2max by |
| | A) | increasing both stroke volume and the a-v O2 difference. |
| | B) | increasing stroke volume only. |
| | C) | increasing the a-v O2 difference only. |
| | D) | decreasing the a-v O2 difference. |
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9 | |
Which of the following would cause an increase in stroke volume? |
| | A) | an increase in end diastolic volume |
| | B) | an increase in myocardial contractility |
| | C) | a decrease in afterload |
| | D) | all of the above |
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10 | |
Which of the following statements is true of endurance trained muscle during maximal work? |
| | A) | resistance to blood flow is increased |
| | B) | resistance to blood flow is decreased |
| | C) | resistance to blood flow does not change |
| | D) | none of the above |
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11 | |
The increased capacity of the muscle to extract O2 following an endurance training program is believed to be primarily due to |
| | A) | the increase in capillary density. |
| | B) | the increase in mitochondrial number. |
| | C) | the increase in mitochondrial enzymes. |
| | D) | both b and c. |
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12 | |
During the initial 12 days of detraining, the decrease in VO2max in highly trained individuals is primarily due to |
| | A) | a decrease in both stroke volume and the a-v O2 difference. |
| | B) | a decrease in the a-v O2 difference. |
| | C) | a decrease in stroke volume. |
| | D) | a decrease in heart rate maximum. |
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13 | |
After an endurance training program, oxidative phosphorylation is activated earlier at the onset of work and results in |
| | A) | a faster rise in the oxygen uptake curve. |
| | B) | a lower O2 deficit. |
| | C) | less lactate formation. |
| | D) | all of the above. |
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14 | |
After an endurance training program, there is an increased utilization of fat, and sparing of carbohydrate. This is due to |
| | A) | an increased reliance on glycolysis. |
| | B) | an increased ability to transport FFA to the mitochondria. |
| | C) | an increase in the fatty acid cycle enzymes. |
| | D) | both b and c. |
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15 | |
Endurance training shifts LDH toward the ______ isoform, making lactate and H+ formation less likely and the uptake of pyruvate by the mitochondria more likely. |
| | A) | M4 |
| | B) | M3H |
| | C) | H4 |
| | D) | M2H2 |
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16 | |
Endurance training causes an increase in the capillary density of the working muscles. This results in |
| | A) | a decrease in the distance from capillary to mitochondria. |
| | B) | a slower red blood cell transit time through the muscle. |
| | C) | decreased oxygen extraction from each liter of blood. |
| | D) | both a and b. |
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17 | |
With the increase in mitochondrial number following endurance training, local factors (H+, adenosine compounds, etc.) do not change as much. This leads to |
| | A) | increased chemoreceptor input to the cardiorespiratory centers. |
| | B) | less local stimulation of blood flow. |
| | C) | increased local stimulation of blood flow. |
| | D) | increased feedback from the muscle. |
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18 | |
Increases in strength due to short-term training are the result of |
| | A) | hypertrophy. |
| | B) | neural adaptations. |
| | C) | neural adaptations, hypertrophy, and hyperplasia. |
| | D) | hyperplasia. |
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19 | |
The decreases in VO2max with cessation of exercise are primarily due to a |
| | A) | a decrease in maximal stroke volume. |
| | B) | a decrease in oxygen extraction. |
| | C) | a decrease in myoglobin concentration. |
| | D) | both a and b. |
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20 | |
The relationship between varying amounts of exercise and the risk of infection is |
| | A) | linear. |
| | B) | s shaped. |
| | C) | j shaped. |
| | D) | exponential. |
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