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Multiple Choice



1

In order to continue to contract, muscle cells must have
A)carbohydrates.
B)oxygen.
C)ATP.
D)all of the above.
2

The synthesis of molecules is called
A)catabolism.
B)metabolism.
C)anabolism.
D)all of the above.
3

Protein synthesis within the cell is regulated by
A)cytoplasm.
B)organelles.
C)genes.
D)cell membrane.
4

The speed of chemical reactions that occur within the body is regulated by
A)exergonic reactions.
B)endergonic reactions.
C)entropy.
D)enzymes.
5

Increasing the rate of chemical reactions is achieved by _________ the energy of activation.
A)changing
B)lowering
C)raising
D)not altering
6

The ability of an enzyme to bind to a particular substrate is achieved by
A)active sites.
B)reactant molecules.
C)a catalyst.
D)a key.
7

During exercise, the primary nutrients used for energy are
A)fats.
B)carbohydrates.
C)proteins.
D)both a and b.
8

An example of a carbohydrate that is both found in the diet and released from the liver is
A)sucrose.
B)fructose.
C)glucose.
D)maltose.
9

What duration of continuous exercise might deplete total muscle glycogen stores?
A)few hours
B)a few days
C)a few minutes
D)a few seconds
10

How much energy does one gram of fat contain?
A)4 kcal
B)18 kcal
C)12 kcal
D)9 kcal
11

In order for proteins to be used as substrates they must first be broken down
A)by glucose.
B)by glycogen.
C)to amino acids.
D)to peptide bonds.
12

The immediate source of energy for muscular contraction is
A)adenosine triphosphate.
B)adenosine monophosphate.
C)adenosine diphosphate.
D)inorganic phosphate.
13

The enzyme responsible for breaking ATP into energy and inorganic phosphate is
A)ATPase.
B)ATP.
C)lactate dehydrogenase.
D)creatine phosphate.
14

Muscle cells can produce ATP by
A)creatine phosphate pathway.
B)glycolysis.
C)aerobic metabolism.
D)all of the above.
15

Glycolysis produces a net gain of how many ATP molecules per glucose molecule?
A)one
B)two
C)three
D)four
16

The purpose of the energy investment phase of glycolysis is
A)to phosphorylate inorganic phosphate
B)to phosphorylate substrates using ATP.
C)to store ATP.
D)to form glycogen.
17

NAD is reformed from NADH by
A)shuttling of hydrogens from NADH into the mitochondria.
B)pyruvic acid accepting hydrogens to form lactic acid.
C)shuttling of O2 into the mitochondria.
D)both a and b.
18

The chemiosmotic hypothesis describes how
A)ATP is produced aerobically.
B)ATP is formed via hydrogen ion diffusion.
C)hydrogen ions are pumped across the inner mitochondrial membrane.
D)all of the above are true.
19

The primary function of the Krebs cycle is to
A)produce ATP.
B)complete the oxidation of carbohydrates, fats and proteins.
C)prepare acetyl-CoA.
D)do all of the above.
20

The two anaerobic metabolic pathways are the
A)Krebs cycle and the electron transport chain.
B)Krebs cycle and the ATP-PC system.
C)ATP-PC system and the electron transport chain.
D)ATP-PC system and glycolysis.
21

The majority of electrons that enter the electron transport chain comes from
A)NADH and FADH formed in the Krebs cycle.
B)degradation of glucose via glycolysis.
C)resynthesis of ATP from ADP and Pi.
D)combination of oxygen and hydrogen.
22

The aerobic metabolism of one molecule of glucose results in the production of
A)38 ATP.
B)39 ATP.
C)8 ATP.
D)16 ATP.
23

Phosphocreatine breakdown is regulated by
A)creatine kinase.
B)phosphofructokinase.
C)isocitrate dehydrogenase.
D)none of the above.
24

Important regulatory enzymes in carbohydrate metabolism are
A)creatine kinase and phosphofructokinase.
B)phosphofructokinase and phosphorylase.
C)isocitrate dehydrogenase and phosphofructokinase.
D)creatine kinase and phosphorylase
25

Metabolic pathways that produce ATP are generally regulated by levels of
A)ADP.
B)ATP.
C)cytochrome oxidase.
D)both a and b.





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