| anaerobic threshold | a commonly used term meant to describe the level of oxygen consumption at which there is a rapid and systematic increase in blood lactate concentration. Also termed the lactate threshold.
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| Cori cycle | the cycle of lactate-to-glucose between the muscle and liver.
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| EPOC | an acronym for "excess post-exercise oxygen consumption"; often referred to as the oxygen debt.
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| free fatty acid (FFA) | a type of fat that combines with glycerol to form triglycerides. Is used as an energy source.
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| gluconeogenesis | the synthesis of glucose from amino acids, lactate, glycerol, and other short carbon-chain molecules.
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| graded exercise test | see incremental exercise test.
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| incremental exercise test | an exercise test involving a progressive increase in work rate over time. Often graded exercise tests are used to determine the subject's VO2 max or lactate threshold. (Also called graded exercise test.)
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| lactate threshold | a point during a graded exercise test when the blood lactate concentration increases abruptly.
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| lipase | an enzyme responsible for the breakdown of triglycerides to free fatty acids and glycerol.
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| lipolysis | the breakdown of triglycerides in adipose tissue to free fatty acids and glycerol for subsequent transport to tissues for metabolism.
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| maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max) | greatest rate of oxygen uptake by the body measured during severe dynamic exercise, usually on a cycle ergometer or a treadmill; dependent on maximal cardiac output and the maximal arteriovenous oxygen difference.
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| oxygen debt | the elevated post-exercise oxygen consumption (see EPOC); related to replacement of creatine phosphate, lactic acid resynthesis to glucose, and elevated body temperature, catecholamines, heart rate, breathing, etc.
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| oxygen deficit | refers to the lag in oxygen uptake at the beginning of exercise.
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| respiratory exchange ratio (R) | the ratio of CO2 production to O2 consumption; indicative of substrate utilization during steady-state exercise in which a value of 1.0 represents 100% carbohydrate metabolism and 0.7 represents 100% fat metabolism.
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