By studying this chapter, you should be able to do the following:
Describe the concept of hormone-receptor interaction.
Identify the four factors influencing the concentration of a hormone in the blood.
Describe the mechanism by which steroid hormones act on cells.
Describe the "second messenger" hypothesis of hormone action.
Describe the role of the hypothalamus-releasing factors in the control of hormone secretion from the anterior pituitary gland.
Describe the relationship of the hypothalamus to the secretion of hormones from the posterior pituitary gland.
Identify the site of release, stimulus for release, and the predominant action of the following hormones: epinephrine, norepinephrine, glucagon, insulin, cortisol, aldosterone, thyroxine, growth hormone, estrogen, and testosterone.
Discuss the use of testosterone (an anabolic steroid) and growth hormone on muscle growth and their potential side effects.
Contrast the role of plasma catecholamines with intracellular factors in the mobilization of muscle glycogen during exercise.
Graphically describe the changes in the following hormones during graded and prolonged exercise and discuss how those changes influence the four mechanisms used to maintain the blood glucose concentration: insulin, glucagon, cortisol, growth hormone, epinephrine, and norepinephrine.
Describe the effect of changing hormone and substrate levels in the blood on the mobilization of free fatty acids from adipose tissue.
