| cycle ergometer | a stationary exercise cycle that allows accurate measurement of work output.
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| direct calorimetry | assessment of the body's metabolic rate by direct measurement of the amount of heat produced.
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| ergometer | instrument for measuring work.
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| ergometry | measurement of work output.
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| indirect calorimetry | estimation of heat or energy production on the basis of oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide production, and nitrogen excretion.
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| kilocalorie | a measure of energy expenditure equal to the heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 kg of water 1 degree Celsius; also equal to 1,000 calories and sometimes written as calorie rather than kilocalorie.
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| MET | an expression of the rate of energy expenditure at rest; equal to approximately 3.5 ml • kg21 • min21, or 1 kcal • kg21 • hr21.
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| net efficiency | the mathematical ratio of work output divided by the energy expended above rest.
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| open-circuit spirometry | indirect calorimetry procedure in which either inspired or expired ventilation is measured and oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production are calculated.
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| percent grade | a measure of the elevation of the treadmill; calculated as the sine of the angle.
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| power | a rate of work; work per unit time; P = W/t.
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| relative VO2 | oxygen uptake (consumption) expressed per unit body weight (e.g., ml • kg21 • min21).
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| SI units | system used to provide international standardization of units of measure in science.
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| work | the product of a force and the distance through which that force moves (W = F x D).
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