 |
1 | |
People may be considered abnormal even if their behavior does not harm them according to the __________. |
| | A) | maladaptiveness criterion. |
| | B) | unusualness criterion. |
| | C) | cultural relativism criterion. |
| | D) | discomfort criterion. |
|
|
2 | |
The cultural relativism criterion argues that: |
| | A) | What is considered abnormal varies by the culture in which one lives. |
| | B) | What is considered abnormal should be left up to culture so that people can be controlled. |
| | C) | Some groups, such as gay men and lesbians, do not find their behavior distressing. |
| | D) | Someone still has to decide how rare a behavior must be for it to be called abnormal. |
|
|
3 | |
Homosexuality is no longer regarded as a psychological disorder in part due to the _____ criterion. |
| | A) | maladaptiveness. |
| | B) | unusualness. |
| | C) | mental illness. |
| | D) | discomfort. |
|
|
4 | |
Which of the following is not part of the maladaptiveness criterion? |
| | A) | The behaviors are ones that the person wishes to be rid of. |
| | B) | The behaviors are physically damaging to the individual. |
| | C) | The behaviors suggest that the individual has lost touch with reality and cannot control his or her thoughts and behaviors. |
| | D) | The behaviors interfere with the person's ability to function in daily life. |
|
|
5 | |
The idea that the flowing of "vital air" onto specific body organs was espoused by the: |
| | A) | Hebrews. |
| | B) | Greeks. |
| | C) | Egyptians. |
| | D) | Chinese. |
|
|
6 | |
The Egyptians used to believe that a woman's "wandering uterus" was responsible for: |
| | A) | hysteria. |
| | B) | witchcraft and obscene behavior. |
| | C) | tarantism. |
| | D) | melancholia. |
|
|
7 | |
The Egyptians: |
| | A) | First drew the distinction between madness and witchcraft. |
| | B) | Assigned mental functioning to the brain. |
| | C) | Developed effective biological treatments for mental disorders. |
| | D) | Developed the first true systematic classification system of mental disorders. |
|
|
8 | |
According to Greek physicians, such as Hippocrates, __________ caused psychological problems. |
| | A) | An imbalance of four humors (blood, phlegm, yellow bile, and black bile). |
| | B) | Afflictions from the gods. |
| | C) | Vital air blowing on specific body organs. |
| | D) | Moral vice and sloth. |
|
|
9 | |
Which of the following writings viewed mental illness as a punishment from God? |
| | A) | A Mind that Found Itself |
| | B) | The Deception of Dreams |
| | C) | Papyrus Ebers |
| | D) | The Old Testament |
|
|
10 | |
Plato argued that mental illness resulted from: |
| | A) | An imbalance of four humors (blood, phlegm, yellow bile, and black bile). |
| | B) | A wandering uterus. |
| | C) | Impulse, passion, and appetite. |
| | D) | Vital air blowing on specific body organs. |
|
|
11 | |
Which statement best characterizes the beliefs of the moral treatment movement? |
| | A) | Mental disorders result from blasphemy and the abandonment of religion: the purpose of treatment is to restore people's morality so that they might function again. |
| | B) | Mental disorders result from natural causes and should be treated biologically. |
| | C) | Mental disorders result from the separation of people from nature and stresses resulting from rapid social changes. |
| | D) | Hospitals should isolate mentally ill people to keep their immorality from afflicting the general populace. |
|
|
12 | |
Ivan Pavlov is known for his work on (in the): |
| | A) | operant conditioning. |
| | B) | classical conditioning. |
| | C) | moral treatment movement. |
| | D) | mental hygiene movement. |
|
|
13 | |
The moral treatment movement collapsed toward the end of the nineteenth century because: |
| | A) | No patients experienced improvement even under the improved conditions. |
| | B) | The expansion of asylums created a shortage of personnel and resources. |
| | C) | Biological treatments were developed and were more effective. |
| | D) | Most asylum patients were women. |
|
|
14 | |
The _____ promoted the idea that mental disorders were medical diseases and should be treated biologically. |
| | A) | moral treatment movement |
| | B) | mental hygiene movement |
| | C) | behaviorism movement |
| | D) | cognitive revolution |
|
|
15 | |
The discovery that syphilis could cause general paresis led to the: |
| | A) | moral treatment movement. |
| | B) | development of psychoanalysis. |
| | C) | development of Kraepelin's classification system. |
| | D) | belief that biological factors can cause mental illness. |
|
|
16 | |
_____ developed the first experimental psychology laboratory. |
| | A) | Wundt |
| | B) | Hippocrates |
| | C) | Freud |
| | D) | Kraepelin |
|
|
17 | |
Hypnosis is a technique that was developed as a component of __________. |
| | A) | classical conditioning |
| | B) | psychoanalysis |
| | C) | mesmerism |
| | D) | cognitive therapy |
|
|
18 | |
__________ developed a classification system for mental disorders that remains highly influential today. |
| | A) | Hippocrates |
| | B) | Emil Kraepelin |
| | C) | Willhelm Wundt |
| | D) | E.L. Thorndike |
|
|
19 | |
The finding that behaviors followed by positive consequences were more likely to be repeated than behaviors followed by negative consequences is known as: |
| | A) | psychoanalysis. |
| | B) | classical conditioning. |
| | C) | operant conditioning. |
| | D) | behaviorism. |
|
|
20 | |
Psychiatric medications can be prescribed by: |
| | A) | psychiatrists only. |
| | B) | psychiatrists and some clinical psychologists. |
| | C) | clinical psychologists only. |
| | D) | social workers and psychiatrists. |
|